Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919-1941)

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Unit 3

• Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal
  (1919-1941)
• The Post-World War I period was characterized by
  economic, social and political turmoil. Post-war
  prosperity brought about changes to American
  popular culture. However, economic disruptions
  growing out the years led to worldwide
  depression. The United States attempted to deal
  with the Great Depression through economic
  programs created by the federal government.

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Chapter 1 Racial Intolerance and the Red Scare

• Content Statement Racial intolerance,
  anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare
  contributed to social unrest after World War I
• Expectations for Learning Describe how racial
  intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red
  Scare contributed to social unrest after World
  War I.

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Section 1 The Great Migration and Violence
Towards African-Americans

• Content Elaboration The Great Migration of
  African-Americans to northern cities heightened
  racial tensions there and led to a series of
  urban race riots in 1919. Lynchings and the
  enforcement of Jim Crow legislation continued in
  the South during the post-war era. Racial
  intolerance also was seen in the revival of the
  Ku Klux Klan across the United States.

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The Great Migration and Racial Tensions

• A. The Great Migration
• 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in
  South
• 2. During war, many migrated north
• a. escape poverty get jobs in factories making
  war items
• b. escape discrimination
• 3. Examples
• a. Cleveland 300 increase
• b. Detroit 600 increase

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Comparison of African-Americans 1900-1930
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• B. Racial Tensions
• 1. After war, whites came home
• 2. African-Americans moved into their
  neighborhoods
• 3. whites jobs taken
• 4. leads to discrimination/violence

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• C. Race Riots and Lynchings
• 1. Discrimination begins again
• 2. many bloody race riots in the city
• 3. thousands of lynchings took place
• 4. In the South, Jim Crow laws continued

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Lynching

• Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule and was
  not always done on the basis of race. American
  history has always been tinged with race and its
  mobs have used it as a tactic to persecute
  African-Americans. The Lynching of
  African-Americans began after the Civil War and
  in some ways continues to this day.

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• D. The new Ku Klux Klan
• 1. Formed in the South and West
• 2. Used terror and violence
• 3. Hated
• a. blacks
• b. Jews
• c. Roman Catholics
• d. all foreigners
• 4. Violence
• a. whipped and killed innocent people
• b. burned buildings
• c. seldom went to jail
• 5. KKK blamed these people for the problems
• a. race riots
• b. lack of jobs
• 6. The Klan dominated some states and the
  government

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Section 2 Nativism

• Content Elaboration An increase in immigration
  to the United States from southern and eastern
  Europe preceded World War I. Nativism after the
  war was reflected in the passage of immigration
  quotas. Intolerance toward immigrants, Catholics
  and Jews was exhibited by groups such as the Ku
  Klux Klan.

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Nativism

• Q What is nativism?
• A Fear of and antagonism toward foreigners
• B. Americans feared immigrants
• 1. Take their jobs
• C. Immigration Restriction League
• 1. Had to read in order to get into U.S.
• D. National Origins Act of 1924 reduced the
  amount of immigrants allowed in the United States
• 1. Reduced quotas
• 2. Only 150,000 immigrants per year
• 3. Barred Chinese, Japanese, and Asians

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Section 3 The Red Scare

• Content Elaboration The success of the
  Bolshevik Revolution in Russia followed by
  post-war labor strikes and a series of bombs sent
  to public and business officials in the United
  States stirred fears of revolution among
  Americans. The Red Scare of 1919-1920 was a
  reaction to these perceived threats and led to
  the incarceration and deportation of many aliens.

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Postwar Reaction

• The end of war did NOT bring peace to Europe.
  Europe was torn apart and had many problems.
  People revolted against their governments
• In the U.S. the end of the war led to fear of
  foreigners and radicals.
• The end of the war saw a large amount of labor
  strikes. Many immigrants lost their factory jobs
  immediately after the war.

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The Red Scare

• 1. The Red Scare
• A. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to fear it
  may happen in U.S.
• B. Factories that war supplies closed
  immigrants out of work labor unrest people
  saw these people as violent radicals and threats
• C. Fear of communism, political violence, and
  labor unrest known as THE RED SCARE

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• International Workers of the World (IWW)
• A. IWW labor union
• B. IWW influenced by Socialist Party
  (Communism)
• C. IWW objected WWI and dodged draft
• D. Seattle, Washington--shipyard strike led to
  many other strikes in the city
• E. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
  blames IWW
• F. He tries, convicts and deports many leaders
  of the IWW
• G. Most had done nothing wrong
• H. Palmer also deports many other radicals
  across U.S., even if they did nothing wrong.

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Sacco and Vanzetti

• Italian immigrants accused, tried, and killed for
  a crime they probably did not commit.

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Communists were also known as
• A. Blues
• B. Grays
• C. Yellows
• D. Reds

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OGT Multiple Choice

• (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the
  following statements most accurately describes
  the main reason for the African-American
  migration of the 1920s?
• A. The migration went from south to north to
  take advantage of the norths climate
• B. The migration went from south to north
  because of job opportunities in the northern
  factories
• C. The migration went from north to south to
  take advantage of the souths climate
• D. The migration went from north to south
  because of job opportunities in the south

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OGT Multiple Choice

• The National Origins Act of 1924
• A. required that all immigrants be able to read
• B. required that all immigrants be able to speak
  English
• C. raised immigration quotas
• D. reduced immigration quotas

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OGT Multiple Choice

• (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the Red
  Scare in the United States after World War I, all
  of the following happened to immigrants EXCEPT
• A. more than 500 were deported without being
  charged of crimes
• B. immigration laws were passed permitting a
  larger number of immigrants to enter the country
• C. two immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were put
  to death on questionable charges
• D. immigration laws were passed restricting the
  number of immigrants entering the country

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OGT Short Answer

• Analyze two instances in which the rights of
  individuals were restricted for immigrants during
  the Red Scare. (2 points)