The%20Roaring%20Twenties

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The Roaring Twenties

• 1919-1929

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I. The Shaky Postwar Economy

• people have money to spend
• too many dollars and too few goods leads to
  inflation (prices go up)
• In two years, prices doubled
• Workers wanted to be paid more
• 3,600 strikes in 1919
• Boston police went on strike, as well as steel
  and coal workers

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II. The Red Scare 1919-1920

• Russia had become a communist country in 1917, so
  people feared that workers would revolt in the
  United States
• Government decides to crack down on suspected
  communists
• 5,000 people were arrested without warrants and
  often denied lawyers in the Palmer raids
• Only 3 pistols were seized

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III. Sacco and Vanzetti

• immigrants were suspected of bringing radical
  ideas like communism with them
• Two anarchists were found guilty of murder and
  put to death even though the evidence was flimsy
• The government and people were overcome by fear

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IV. Prosperous Times

• What were people buying?
• Why did education become more important?

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V. Advertising and CreditVI. Popular
EntertainmentVII. Music and DancingVIII. Fads
and FanciesIX. Lucky LindyX. Literary LifeXI.
The Scopes Monkey TrialXII. Black
MigrationXIII. The Return of the KKK
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V. Advertising and Credit

• Ads made people believe the products were a
  necessity and would make life better.
• People were more willing to go into debt and buy
  on credit in good economic times.

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VI. Popular Entertainment

• People had more spare time and more money to
  spend.
• Radio, movies, and sports were popular.
• nickelodeons
• The Jazz Singer (1927)
• Jack Dempsey
• Babe Ruth

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VII. Music and Dancing

• Broadway musicals
• Jazz- Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Bessie
  Smith
• Big-band music played people danced the
  fox-trot, camel-walk, tango, and Charleston.
• Flappers wore short skirts and short hair

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VIII. Fads and Fancies

• Mah Jong
• Crossword puzzles
• Magazines like Time, Readers Digest and New
  Yorker started in the 20s

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Lucky Lindy

• Charles Lindbergh was the first to fly solo
  across the Atlantic Ocean (NYC to Paris)
• He became a hero and symbolized individual effort
  and the adventuresome spirit of the 1920s

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Literary Life

• Lost Generation- American writers who wrote of
  hypocrisy and greed
• Ernest Hemingway
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Harlem Renaissance-
• Black life was celebrated in literature, music,
  and art
• Langston Hughes
• Zora Neale Hurston

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The Scopes Monkey Trial

• The theory of evolution divided Americans
• John Scopes, a biology teacher, broke the law by
  teaching Darwins theory in school
• Scopes was found guilty and fined 100
• The trial symbolized the conflict between country
  and city values

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Prohibition

• Volstead Act- provided the enforcements of
  prohibition enacted by the 18th Amendment
• speakeasies and bootlegging became popular
• Organized crime spread distributing illegal
  alcohol
• Gangs fought over territory
• Al Capone was the most famous gangster of the
  1920s

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One-Way Ticket

• I am fed up
• With Jim Crow laws
• People who are cruel
• And afraid,
• Who lynch and run,
• Who are scared of me
• And me of them
• I pick up my life
• And take it away
• On a one-way ticket-
• Gone up North
• Gone up West
• Gone!
• -Langston Hughes

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Presidents of the 1920s

• Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) Republican
• - promised to let the U.S. run itself without
  too much government interference
• - brought his loyal (but unqualified) friends
  from Ohio to be his political advisers
• - died in office of a possible heart attack
• Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) Republican
• - a hands-off president, laissez-faire
• - believed the business of America is business
• Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Republican

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Black Migration

• Blacks looked to the North as a place with less
  racial prejudice.
• Millions moved to the northern cities of New
  York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
• Prejudice was found in the North, too.
• Marcus Garvey led a movement to lead blacks back
  to Africa.

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The Return of the KKKpage 704

• Membership increased greatly in the 1920s.
• The KKK became successful in politics.
• KKK members felt threatened by the changes of the
  1920s.

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Stock Market Crash of 1929page 732

• People thought they could get rich quick by
  playing the stock market.
• Dangerous practices
• speculation-
• buying on margin-

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Stock Market Crash of 1929page 732

• People thought they could get rich quick by
  playing the stock market.
• Dangerous practices
• speculation- the practice of making high-risk
  investments in hopes of getting a huge return.
• buying on margin-

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Stock Market Crash of 1929page 732

• People thought they could get rich quick by
  playing the stock market.
• Dangerous practices
• speculation- the practice of making high-risk
  investments in hopes of getting a huge return.
• buying on margin- the practice that allows
  investors to purchase stock for only a fraction
  of its price (10 to 50 percent) and borrow the
  rest.
• On October 29, 1929, a record 16.4 million shares
  were sold. The collapse of the stock market is
  known as the Great Crash.

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Stock Market Crash of 1929pages 741-742

• How did the effects of the Crash spread to all
  Americans?
• Risky loans hurt the banks
• Consumers borrowed heavily
• People rushed to withdraw their money from the
  banks
• Banks failed and closed
• Savings were wiped out
• Production went down
• Unemployment went up
• Cycle continued leading to the Great Depression

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The Great Depressionpage 744

• A time of economic hardship in the U.S. from 1929
  to 1941
• What caused the Great Depression?
• 1. Stock market crash
• 2. An unstable economy
• Unequal distribution of wealth
• Overproduction
• 3. Overspeculation
• 4. Mistakes in monetary policy

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Social Effects of the Depressionpages 745-750

• What were Hoovervilles?
• What happened on the farms?
• What was the Dust Bowl?

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Election of 1932page 756

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt defeats Herbert Hoover
  to be president in the greatest landslide the
  U.S. had ever seen.
• So first of all let me assert my firm belief
  that the only thing we have to fear is fear
  itself.
• -FDR, First Inaugural Address, 1933

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The New Dealpage 769

• relief recovery reform
• New Deal- Programs of FDRs administration that
  were aimed at combating the Great Depression.
• FDRs first act as president was the bank
  holiday. Banks were closed for the next four
  days and could not re-open unless they were
  healthy and insured.

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The New Dealpage 774-5

• relief recovery reform
• Choose three New Deal agencies
• Write the name and purpose of it.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

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Critics of the New Dealpage 782

• Some felt that the New Deal did too much
  (bringing state socialism), while others felt the
  New Deal did not do enough (poverty still
  existed).
• Some felt the programs created a bloated and
  dangerously powerful federal bureaucracy and
  encouraged inefficient use of resources.
• Some opposed deficit spending-
• Paying out more money from the annual federal
  budget than the government receives in revenues.

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FDRs Problems with the Supreme Courtpage 783

• The Supreme Court had declared some acts of the
  president unconstitutional.
• FDR asked Congress to allow him to
  _______________________________.
• His real intention was to _______________.
• The number of justices on the Supreme Court
  remained at _____.