Title: Age of Early European Explorations
1The Age of Early European Explorations Conquests
By Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
2Earlier Explorations
- Islam the Spice Trade ? Malacca
- A New Player ? Europe
- Nicolo, Maffeo, Marco Polo, 1271
- Expansion becomes a state enterprise ? monarchs
had the authority the resources. - Better seaworthy ships.
- Chinese Admiral Zheng He the Ming Treasure
Fleet
3Admiral Zheng He
- Each ship was 400 long and 160 wide!
1371-1435
4A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492
5Motives for European Exploration
- Crusades ? by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.
- Renaissance ? curiosity about other lands and
peoples. - Reformation ? refugees missionaries.
- Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.
- Technological advances.
- Fame and fortune.
6New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps Portulan
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Mariners Compass
Sextant
7New Weapons Technology
8Prince Henry, the Navigator
- School for Navigation, 1419
9Museum of Navigationin Lisbon
10Portuguese Maritime Empire
- Exploring the west coast of Africa.
- Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.
- Vasco da Gama, 1498.
- Calicut.
- Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510
Malacca, 1511).
11Zheng Hes Voyages
- In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, Chinas
favorite port!
12Christofo Colombo, Cristobal Colon, Christopher
Columbus 1451-1506
13Columbus Four Voyages
14Other Voyages of Exploration
15Ferdinand Magellan the First Circumnavigation
of the WorldEarly 16c
16Atlantic Explorations
Looking for El Dorado
17The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
18The Death of Montezuma II
19Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
20The First Spanish Conquests
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
21Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
22Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered
the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??
23The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
24Cycle of Conquest Colonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
OfficialEuropeanColony!
Missionaries
PermanentSettlers
25Treasuresfrom the Americas!
26Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
27The Slave Trade
- Existed in Africa before the coming of the
Europeans. - Portuguese replaced European slaves with
Africans. - Sugar cane sugar plantations.
- First boatload of African slaves brought by the
Spanish in 1518. - 275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other
countries. - Between 16c 19c, about 10 million Africans
shipped to the Americas.
28Slave Ship
Middle Passage
29Coffin Position Below Deck
30African CaptivesThrown Overboard
Sharks followed the slave ships!
31European Empires in the Americas
32The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
33Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New
World
- Encomienda or forced labor.
- Council of the Indies.
- Viceroy.
- New Spain and Peru.
- Papal agreement.
34The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
35The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 The Popes
Line of Demarcation
36Father Bartolome de Las Casas
37New Colonial Rivals
- Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to
dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. - Spain in Asia ? consolidated its holdings in the
Philippines. - First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
- Surat in NW India in 1608.
- Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
38New Colonial Rivals
39Impact of European Expansion
- Native populations ravaged by disease.
- Influx of gold, and especially silver, into
Europe created an inflationary economic
climate.Price Revolution - New products introduced across the continents
Columbian Exchange. - Deepened colonial rivalries.
405. New Patterns of World Trade