The European Conquest of the Americas

1
Voyages of Discovery
2
Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
3
First Encounter

• 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.
• Looking for India he lands on what is now called
  the West Indies in Caribbean.
• Raped and pillaged the islands. Taking all
  resources back to Spain.

4
Columbus Four Voyages
5
European Explorations
6
The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
vs.
Hernan Cortes
Moctezuma II
7
Cortes vs. Moctezuma

• Hernan Cortes lands in Mexico 1519 with 600 men
  and 16 horses.
• Makes alliances with the natives who were unhappy
  with Aztec Rulers
• Attacks the city of Tenochititlan
• Is defeated by Montezuma and retreats

8
Tenochtitlan
9
Cortes vs. Moctezuma

• News spreads that Montezuma is killed in battle.
• Cortes regroups and attacks again in 1521 taking
  over the magnificent city. That today is Mexico
  City.
• Cortes inspires other Conquistadors in South
  America.

10
Tlaxcalan
11
The Death of Montezuma II
12
Mexico Surrenders to Cortes
13
The First Spanish ConquestsThe Incas
vs.
Pizarro
Atahualpa
14
Pizarroo vs. Atahualpa

• Fransico Pizarroo with help from the natives took
  control of Peru.
• Atahualpa (new leader) was told to give over his
  empire and to accept Christianity.
• Atahualpa refused and was held for ransom.
• Ransom was paid and Atalhualpa was killed

15
How Did They Do It?

• Military Technology (Muskets, Cannons, and armor)
• Horses that freighted the natives.
• Division amongst the Indians.
• European disease statistic Native population
  dropped 90 from 50 million to 4 million

16
Spanish Treatment of Cubans
17
VICEROYS

• Officials appointed to rule in The Americas
• Directed by the King of Spain

18
Bartolome de Las Casas

• A priest who sought to protect the Native
  Americans from European abuses
• Recommendation replace American laborers with
  imported African slaves
• See page 80

19
The 'Columbian Exchange'
20
The Colombian Exchange

• The trade of goods between the New World (The
  Americas) and the Old World (Europe Africa)
• Bad things also were exchanged between the East
  and West.
• Diseases like small pox, measles, and influenza
  came to America and killed along with war 95 of
  natives.

21
The Columbian Exchange
Olive Oil Birds Peppers Black Pepper
Chicken Donkey Turnips Cabbage
Lettuce Rabbit Cotton Rat


Olives Coffee Bean Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach Sugar Cane Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat Horse
Cattle Sheep Pigs


22
The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Strawberry
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava Potato
Peanut Tomato Vanilla Corn

Chocolate Birds (Fowl) Honey Bee Bear
Sunflowers Alpaca Honeybee Bison
Papaya Guinea Pig Muscles Lama
Chilies Shrimp Crabs Pecan



23
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
24
Cycle of Conquest Colonization
Explorers
Conquistadores
OfficialEuropeanColony!
Missionaries
PermanentSettlers
25
Slave Ship
26
Coffin Position Below Deck
27
African CaptivesThrown Overboard
28
Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
29
Sacrifice of the First-Bornby Theodore de Bry
30
Mercantilism

• The economy and trade are essential to the
  health and safety of the nation.

1. Get as much gold and silveras you can.
2. Establish a favorable balance of trade.
3. Get colonies.

31
Treasuresfrom the Americas!
32
The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
33
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
34
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 The Popes
Line of Demarcation
35
Father Bartolomé de Las Casas

• New Laws --gt 1542

36
European Empires in the Americas