The Marine Biome

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The Marine Biome
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ThE wOrLd OcEaN

• All the oceans of the world connect and make up
  one large body of water. This large body of water
  is called the world ocean. It is thought of as
  one large biome with many ecosystems and habitats.

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Oceanic Zone

• This is the largest zone in the ocean.
• It occupies 90 of the surface area of the world
  ocean.
• It is 200 m along continental slopes to as deep
  as 11,000 m below the surface.

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• The photic zone accounts for a layer at the
  surface of the ocean up to 200 m deep. This
  makes the only producer of that ecosystem
  phytoplankton. They are too small to support much
  life, but they turn Co2 into billions of tons of
  organic carbon.
• The phytoplankton are also a major food source in
  the photic zone.

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• The aphotic zone of the ocean can be compared to
  a desert.
• Except instead of lacking water, this zone lacks
  sunlight. This limits the tpe of organisms that
  can survive there.
• Many organisms have adapted to the deep, dark,
  cold waters.
• Many of these organisms feed and dead material
  that had fallen from the surface. This material
  is called detritus.
• Most of these organisms are worms, clams, and
  sponges

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• All the oceans of the world are connected
  however, they are not all the same. Different
  factors cause the ocean to have differences in
  temperature, salinity, and density.

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• Edges of continents do not just drop of suddenly
  into the ocean. The
• shallow bored that surrounds the continent is
  called the continental
• shelf.
• The ocean region between the edge of the
  continental shelf and the
• low tidemark is called the neritic zone.
• The neritic zone lies within the photic zone,
  therefore it has ample
• sunlight.
• This zone is the most productive part of the
  ocean.
• The most productive parts are the reefs and
  estuaries.

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Coral Reef

• Reef a natural structure built on a
• continental shelf.
• Coral reefs are found in warm, tropical waters.
  Kelp beds are often found in cold waters.
• Coral reefs are thought of as the tropical rain
  forest of the water biome. Coral reefs are very
  productive and provide homes for several
  organisms.
• The reef also is a breeding and
  feeding ground.
• Most bony fish live on or depend on the reef.

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• CORAL REEF
• The ecology of a coral reef is
• fragile. The reef is made up
• of calcium carbonate
• skeletons of millions of tiny
• corals.
• Only the top part of the
• reef is alive.
• Coral depends on a symbiotic
• relationship with a form of
• alga, called zooxanthellae,
• that lives inside the tissues.

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Estuaries

• Estuary a region where a freshwater
• source, usually the mouth of a river,
• meets the salt water ocean.

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Intertidal Zones

• This zone is located along the shoreline of the
  world ocean.
• The intertidal zone alternates twice each day
  between periods of submersion at high tide.
• Organisms that live in this zone must be able to
  endure exposed and submerged conditions. They
  also have to withstand
• the pounding of the surf.

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WetlandsSince intertidal zones occur where
water meets land, they are often surrounded by
wetlands such as salt marshes and mangrove
swamps.

• SALT MARSHES
• Salt Marsh flat, muddy wetlands that are often
  surrounded by estuaries, bays, and lagoons.
• The most important purpose it serves is for
  migratory birds. They provide a place for food
  and rest during their long journeys.

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The Mississippi River undergoes 5,000-year cycle
of sediment accumulation , subsidence, and course
changes.The Mississippi River delta makes up
40 of the costal wetlands of the contiguous
United States

• Salt Marshes
• Salt Marshes are formed when stream flow into
  the calm waters of estuaries or other shallow
  neritic waters. The slowing of the water causes
  sediments to build up at the mouth of the stream.
  
• These build over time to form a delta. The weight
  of the accumulated sediments causes the delta to
  sink under water in a process called subsidence.
  
• This causes the course of the river to change
  sometimes.
• .

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Mangrove Swamp

• This wetland only occurs in warm climates. They
  can only exist in places that do not freeze more
  than one or two days a year.
• The dominant plant of the mangrove is the
  mangrove, a woody plant that can be a tree or a
  shrub.
• The water in the mangrove contains a small amount
  of oxygen.
• The plants have adapted to the low oxygen level
  by having roots that stick out above the water.

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Vocabulary Review.

• Oceanic
• Largest zone of the marine biome.
• Neritic Zone
• Warm waters that account for 10 of the ocean
• Continental Shelf
• Area between the shore and 500m below waters
  surface continental.
• Reef
• Natural structure built on a continental shelf.
• Marshes
• Flat, Muddy wetland that surround bays and
  lagoons
• Intertidal Zones
• Region with daily periods of exposure and
  submersion