Organisms of the Marine Biome

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Organisms of the Marine Biome
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Essential Questions

• What are the types of organisms in each marine
  life zone?
• How are organisms distributed in the marine biome?

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FishDaily Planet in the Classroom

• http//learning.aliant.net/Player/ALC_Player.asp?P
  rogIDDISC_DPC-37
• 60mins

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What are the types of organisms in each marine
life zone?
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Epipelagic

• fish such as
• Tuna bigeye, yellowfin, albacore, northern
  bluefin
• Many sharks
• Dolphin fish
• Jellyfish
• Basking shark
• Whale shark
• Sprats
• Anchovies
• Sargassum fish
• Great baracuda
• Jacks
• Swordfish
• Ocean sunfish

• Zooplankton
• Algae
• Plants
• Sargassum seaweed
• Turtles

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Epipelagiccharacteristics of organisms

• predator fish have a deeply forked tail and a
  smooth body shaped like a spindle tapered at both
  ends and countershaded with silvery colours
• visual predators can use their eye sight

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Mesopelagic

• Animals such as
• Swordfish
• Squids
• Wolffish
• Wolf eels
• a few species of cuttlefish
• chain catshark
• California Headlightfish
• Sabertooth fish
• Coccorella atrata
• Antarctic toothfish
• Barreleye
• Stoplight loosejaw
• Longnose lancetfish

• many bioluminescent organisms live in this zone
• mesopelagic fish make daily vertical migrations,
  moving at night into the epipelagic zone
• fish have a swimbladder
• muscular bodies, ossified bones, scales, well
  developed gills and central nervous systems, and
  large hearts and kidneys
• visual predators with large eyes
• lack defensive spines
• use colour to camouflage them

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Bathypelagic organisms

• Organisms such as
• Lanternfish
• Marine hatchetfish
• Giant squid
• smaller squids
• Dumbo octopodes
• Sperm whales
• Viperfish
• Ridgehead
• Lightfish

• Frill shark
• Sponges
• Brachiopods
• Sea stars
• Echinoids
• Anglerfish
• Bristlemouth
• Fangtooth
• Daggertooth
• Barracudina

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Bathypelagic characteristics of organisms

• some species do not have eyes
• fish in this zone have become very energy
  efficient - many have slow metabolic rates to
  conserve energy
• unspecialized diets, being willing to eat
  anything that comes along
• prefer to sit and wait for food rather than waste
  energy searching for it
• fish here have weak muscles, soft skin and slimy
  bodies without scales
• fish are small, many about 10 centimetres long,
  and not many longer than 25 cm
• often have extensible, hinged jaws with recurved
  teeth
• gills, kidneys and hearts, and swimbladders are
  small or missing
• most important sensory systems are usually the
  inner ear, which responds to sound, and the
  lateral line, which responds to changes in water
  pressure
• fish are black, or sometimes red

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Abyssopelagic

• Organisms such as
• several species of squid
• black swallower
• tripod fish
• deep-sea anglerfish
• giant squid
• Echinoderms
• basket star
• swimming cucumber
• sea pig
• marine arthropods
• sea spider

• species living at these depths have evolved to be
  transparent and eyeless
• creatures have underslung jaws

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Hadopelagic

• Organisms such as
• Jellyfish
• Viperfish
• Tube worms
• Sea cucumbers
• deep sea angler fish

• creatures have adapted with reduced eyesight,
  having very large eyes for receiving only
  bioluminescent flashes
• most of the bottom dwelling creatures lack any
  pigmentation

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Demersal Zone

• Organisms such as
• Giant grenadier
• Rattails
• Brotulas
• Eels
• Eelpouts
• Hagfishes
• Greeneyes
• Batfishes
• Lumpfishes

• Fish are active and relatively abundant
• Fish are muscular with well developed organs
• Photophores are usually absent
• Eyes and swimbladders range from absent to well
  developed
• Fish are usually long and narrow

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Benthic Zone

• can be divided into
• Flabby body types
• they have a reduced body mass
• low metabolic rates
• Robust body types
• are muscular swimmers that actively cruise the
  bottom
• blind

• Organisms such as
• Cusk-eel
• Orange roughy
• Patagonian toothfish
• Pacific hagfish
• Blotched fantail ray
• Tripod fish

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One OceanBirth of an Ocean Chp 2

• http//oneocean.cbc.ca/series/episodes/1-birth-of-
  an-ocean?auto_load_clip1431659624
• Question Sheet provided
• 17mins

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How are organisms distributed in the ocean?