The First Years of the War 1861-1863

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The First Years of the War 1861-1863
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The Art and Science of War

• Antoine-Henri Jomini
• Art of War
• West Point
• Position, Maneuver Concentration
• High ground
• Occupying major cities
• Retreat

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The Armies

• Cavalry
• Artillery
• Infantry
• Corps of Engineers
• The Quartermaster Corps

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The typical battle

• Advancing through grapeshot
• Hand to hand combat
• Smoke and confusion

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The soldiers

• Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
• Conscription
• Exemptions
• Substitutions
• Riots
• Draft dodgers
• Desertion
• Bounties

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Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
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Ohio Military Service
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Soldiers Occupations North/South Combined
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Johnny Reb Billy Yank
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Immigrantsas a of a StatesPopulationin1860
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Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
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Camp Life
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Army life

• Drudgery
• Poor food and shelter
• Logistical problems
• Profiteers
• Disease and lack of medical treatment

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The first campaigns 1861

• A short and painless war
• Lincolns plan
• Bull Run or Battle of Manassas
• General McDowell v General Beauregard
• The rebel yell
• Stonewall Jackson and Joe Johnston
• Southern victory

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Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861
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Stonewall Jackson

• "If anyone says he heard the rebel yell and
  wasn't scared, then ,he never heard it." A
  Northern soldiers comments on the rebel yell
  given when confederates charged their positions.

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Preparation

• Overconfidence in the south
• Regrouping-Army of the Potomac
• General McClellan

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General George McClellan
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Differing strategies

• Northern strategy
• Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan
• Defend Washington Pressure on Richmond
• Gain control of the Mississippi Valley
• Blockade the south

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The Anaconda Plan
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Lincolns Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan,Again!
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Southern strategy

• Stop Union advances
• Foreign allies
• Great Britain
• France
• Napoleon III
• King Cotton dethroned
• Cotton diplomacy
• The Trent affair
• James Mason John Slidell
• Charles Francis Adams

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The War in 1862

• Copperheads
• Suspension of the right of habeas corpus
• Suppression of anti-administration newspapers
• The exile of Clement Vallandisham
• Defeatism
• Southern victories
• General Jackson General Robert E. Lee

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The Confederate Generals
Stonewall Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
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General Robert E. Lee
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Western campaign-A shift in the war

• General Halleck General Ulysses S. Grant
• Battle of Shiloh Church
• General Albert Sydney Johnston
• General Buell
• The War at Sea
• Threatening the blockade
• The Merrimack (The Virginia)
• The Monitor

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The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862
The Monitor vs.the Merrimac
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Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
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The Monitor
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Munitions

• Confederates
• Union-Army of the Potomac
• General McClellan
• Springfield repeating rifle
• Political differences

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McClellan I Can Do It All!
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The Peninsula Campaign

• McClellan attempts to take Richmond
• Lee bluffs
• Battle of Seven days
• Replacing McClellan with General John Pope
• 2nd Battle of Manassas
• Recalling McClellan
• Davis encourages Northern victories
• Battle of Antietam
• Lees army escapes to Virginia

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War in the East 1861-1862
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CalvaryJeb Stuart, Nathan Bedford Forrest etc
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Lincoln Visits Antietam
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Battle of Antietam Bloodiest Single Day of the
War
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
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Emancipation

• Horace Greeley
• Emancipation Proclamation
• William Seward
• Enlisting in the army
• British neutrality

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Emancipation in 1863
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TheEmancipationProclamation
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The Southern View of Emancipation
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• Radical Republican support
• Replacing McClellan with General Ambrose
  Burnside
• Stalemate
• Fredericksburg, VA
• Murfreesboro, TN

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54th Massachusetts

• Col Robert Gould Shaw
• Recruited by white abolitionists
• death sentence by the Confederacy
• James Island, SC
• Fort Wagner, Charleston, SC
• William Harvey Carneymedal of honor recipient

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African-American Recruiting Poster
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The Famous 54th Massachusetts
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August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould Shaw
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African-Americansin Civil War Battles
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Black Troops Freeing Slaves