The American Civil War

1
The American Civil War

• 1861-1865

Vs.
2
Causes of the Civil War

• Regional differences b/w the largely industrial
  North and the agrarian South grow stronger (ex.
  Where Railroads should be built and the
  Protectionist tariff that favored the North)
• Slavery
• The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska
  Act
• Abraham Lincoln elected president
• Lower South secedes and creates the Confederate
  States of America
• The Confederacy attacks Fort Sumter

3
Union leader President Abraham Lincoln

• 16th President (1861-1865)
• Born Feb. 12, 1809
• Died April 15, 1865 (four days after the war
  ended) ?
• Party Republican
• Wife Mary Lincoln
• Children Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas
  (Tad)

4
Confederacy Leader President Jefferson Davis

• Born June 3, 1808
• Died 1889
• Born in Kentucky, went to school at the U.S.
  Military Academy
• Later in life became a Planter living in
  Mississippi
• Served as U.S. Senator, Secretary of War, and
  President of the Confederacy.
• Served as a P.O.W. for two years, U.S. dropped
  its case against him in 1868.

5
Timeline of the Civil War

• Copy the following slides in a timeline format in
  your notes!

6
April 12-13, 1861

• Fort Sumter
• Confederate General P.G.T Beauregard opens fire
  on Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson
  surrenders.
• The fort was a federal fort in the South and the
  Confederacy did not want northerners in the south!

7
First Major Battle July 1861

• Union army marches on Southern capital, Richmond,
  Virginia.
• Routed by Confederate forces at Bull Run, it is
  forced to retreat to Washington.
• Union Gen. McDowell
• Conf. Gen. Johnston and Stonewall Jackson

8
February 1862

• Union forces under Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
  capture key Southern strongholds of Fort Henry
  and Donelson in Tennessee.

9
April 1862

• Confederate army counter-attacks Grant at Shiloh,
  but he holds his ground and Southern forces
  retreat to Mississippi
• Union navy seizes New Orleans

10
July 1862

• Gen. George McClellan leads Union advance on
  Richmond, but is blocked by Con. Forces under
  Gen. Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days
  Battles.

Robert E. Lee
11
August 1862

• Lee defeats Union army at Second Battle of Bull
  Run, and drives Northern force out of Virginia,
  and proceeds to invade Maryland.

12
September 1862

• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
• McClellan blocks Lees advance at Battle of
  Antietam Creek, Maryland, where 24,000 men die.
• This is the Bloodiest Single Battle of the war.
• Lee retreats to Virginia.
• Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation a
  few days later.

13
April-May 1863

• Union forces attack Lee in Virginia but are
  defeated at Chancellorsville and retreat.
• Lee invades the north once more in Pennsylvania.

14
July 1-3, 1863

• GETTYSBURG!
• Lees forces runs into Union army at Gettysburg,
  Penn.
• The ensuing battle results in over 50,000
  casualties.
• Lees army retreats south.
• Many historians believe this is the beginning of
  the end for the south.
• The turning point of the war!

15
July 4, 1863

• After a two-month siege, Grant finally takes
  Vicksburg, Mississippi, bringing most of the
  region under Northern control.
• This is another nail in the coffin of the South.

16
November 1863

• On Nov. 19, Lincoln was asked to deliver just a
  few appropriate remarks to dedicate a military
  cemetery at Gettysburg.
• Four score and seven years ago our fathers
  brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
  conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
  proposition that all men are created equal.

17
November 1863

• Following the Battle of Chattanooga, Grant drives
  Lee out of Tennessee.
• The Union army is now led by General William T.
  Sherman and he takes Knoxville.

18
June 1864

• The tide has officially shifted and the North is
  almost in total control of the war.
• After a costly southward advance, Grant traps
  Lees forces at Petersburg, outside of Richmond,
  Virginia.
• The ensuing siege lasts for ten months.

19
September-December 1864

• Sherman captures Atlanta.
• He cuts a swath of destruction through Georgia
  and then captures Savannah.
• This becomes known as, The March to the Sea.
• On Christmas Day of 1864, Sherman orders his men
  to save Savannah from burning he gives it to
  Lincoln as a Christmas present!

Atlanta Cyclorama- The Civil War, Battle of
Atlanta 
20
April 1865

• Grant takes Richmond on April 3 and Lee
  surrenders six days later at the Appomattox Court
  House.
• April 9th, 1865 is the official end to the war
  between the states.

21
April 1865

• Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at
  Fords Theater in Washington D.C. On April 14th
  and he died the next day.
• Booth yelled, Sic semper tyrannis in English
  means, Thus be it ever to tyrants.
• Booth broke his leg jumping from the balcony, and
  he died several days later after being burned in
  the barn he was hiding.

22
Lincolns Death
23
The Human Costs of the Civil War
(Casualties by thousands)
24
The Economic Costs of the Civil War

• Economic Costs
• Federal loans and taxes to finance the war
  totaled 2.6 billion.
• Federal debt rose to 2.7 billion.
• Confederate debt ran over 700 million.
• Union inflation reached 182 in 1864 and 179 in
  1865.
• Confederate inflation rose to 9,000 by the end
  of the war.