The Civil War

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The Civil War
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Warm Up

• How might a civil war be worse than other wars?
• How would your life be affected if Philadelphia
  went into a civil war?
• What are some of the most critical resources
  needed to win a war?
• Who had the advantage at the onset of this war
  The North or the South and why?

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First Shots Fired

• I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but
  friends. We must not be enemies. Though passions
  may have strained, it must not break, our bonds
  of affection
• Abraham Lincolns 2nd Inaugural Address
• Lincoln assured the South that they were in no
  danger from his administration
• BUT Secession was illegal.
• A husband and wife may be divorced, but the
  different parts of the country cannot.

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First Shots Fired cont.

• The Southern states took over many of the forts
  within their boarders.
• People questioned whether he would oppose
  secession by force.
• Some Union forts were located in Southern states.
• Lincoln had a decision What does he do about the
  forts still under Union/Federal control? Send
  reinforcements and start war or allow the forts
  to fall into Southern hands?
• Fort Sumter--Charleston Harbor
• Fort Pickens--Pensacola, Florida
• Fort Sumter was running out of supplies

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First Shots Fired cont..

• Lincoln decided not to send reinforcements
• Thought it would mean bloodshed and no chance at
  reconciliation
• Sent a naval expedition to supply the fort with
  food
• Confederate leaders prevented the ships from
  bringing supplies through a military strategy
• President Jefferson Davis of the CSA
• April 12, 1861 the Confederates opened fire on
  Fort Sumter
• The fort withstood 34 hours of bombing until it
  surrendered
• The civil war had begun!!!

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Bombarding of Ft. Sumter
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First Shots Fired cont..

• Lincoln responded by calling 75,000 volunteers to
  bare arms
• South responded by having 4 more states secede
• VA, NC, AK, TN
• After years of crises and compromise, the nation
  chose to settle their quarrel by force
• Southerners called Lincolns actions--
  unnecessary aggression
• Lincoln said that Southern secession rejected
  democracy!!

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Border States

• These states held the key to victory in this war
• DE, MD, KY, MO
• They were all slave states, which bordered states
  where slavery was illegal
• Why would they be so important?
• LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
• Maryland was the most important border state
• Why?????

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Border States cont..

• If Maryland seceded, then Washington D.C. would
  be cut off from the Union
• Lincoln wanted to arrest Maryland lawmakers who
  backed the South, but did not
• Pro-Union leaders eventually gained control of
  the Maryland legislature
• Maryland stayed in the Union

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Washington D. C. 1861
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Border States cont..

• Kentucky was also important to both sides because
  of its rivers
• Why?? Who cares about rivers?
• Union could use these rivers for invasion
• Confederacy could use the rivers as a barrier
• Kentucky was deeply divided about secession.
• A Confederate invasion in 1861 prompted the state
  to stay in the Union
• MO and DE stayed Union
• Virginia split and West Virginia formed in 1863
• 24 states Union
• 11 states Confederacy

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Strengths

• Union
• Manpower 22 million people
• Resources
• Factories
• Railroads
• Naval power and shipyards
• President Abraham Lincoln
• Convinced Northerners that democracy depended on
  preserving the Union
• Convinced Northerners that the war was not about
  slavery-- it was about the Souths illegal
  actions

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Strengths cont..

• Confederacy
• Better, more able Generals
• Robert E. Lee
• Fought a defensive war
• Northern supply lines stretched far
• Knowledge of the land
• Soldiers had more to fight for
• Defending their homes

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Strategies

• Confederacy
• Defensive strategy (at first) did not want to
  conquer the North only to be independent
• All we ask is to be left alone
• CSA Pres. Jefferson Davis
• Confederate leaders hoped the North would tire of
  the war, and accept Southern independence
• KING COTTON-- as a way to win foreign support
• Grew most of the cotton for Europe
• Withheld cotton from Britain and France
• Tried to make them aid their cause
• As the war moved on, the South went on the
  offensive
• Big victories meant low, Northern morale

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Strategies

• Union
• Wanted to bring the South back to the Union
• Anaconda Plan Developed by Winfield Scott
• Naval blockade of the Souths coastline
• Designed to smother their economy
• Prevents the transportation of goods or people
• Also, gain control of the Mississippi R.
• Split the Confederacy in two
• Attack the Confederate capital if Richmond
• Lincoln ordered an invasion summer of 1861

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Anaconda Plan
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