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Unit 6 The Renaissance and Rationalism

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Title: Unit 6 The Renaissance and Rationalism


1
Unit 6The Renaissance and Rationalism
  • Rebirth and Exploration
  • 1300-1800

2
From The Godly Feast/ by Erasmus
  • Of course Sacred Scripture is the basic
    authority in everything yet I sometimes run
    across ancient sayings or pagan writings-even the
    poets-so purely and reverently expressed, and so
    inspired, that I cant help believing their
    authors hearts were moved by some divine power.

3
KWL
  • What do you know about the Renaissance period?
  • What do you want to know about the Renaissance
    period?
  • What have you learned about the renaissance
    period?

4
Historical Background
  • The Renaissance, which means rebirth, is a
    period that saw many changes and innovations.
    Among them were the rediscovery of
  • Classical art and literature
  • The exploration of regions of the globe that were
    previously unknown in Europe
  • The discovery that the earth revolves around the
    sun
  • An upsurge in trade and invention

5
Historical Background
  • The rebirth lasted in Italy from the early 1300s
    until 1550, and gradually extended its influence
    northward.
  • In England, it lasted from 1485 to 1625.

6
Cultural Movements of the Renaissance
  • Humanism advocated a return to classical
    studies and ideals. It began in Italy in 14th
    century with the first famous writers were
    Petrarch and Boccaccio.
  • The humanist viewed the classics as a source of
    moral and practical wisdom.
  • The humanist movement influenced great Italian
    artists Michelangelo and Leonardo de Vinci.

7
Cultural Movements of the Renaissance
  • Age of Rationalism or enlightenment spanned the
    seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
  • Reason was accepted as the greatest authority in
    art, thought, and politics.
  • Philosophers challenged folk wisdom, attempting
    to replace traditional lore with formal laws
    based on the analysis of natural phenomena.
  • There was a renewed focus on nature throughout
    society, and encouraged curiosity in the sciences.

8
Cultural Movements in the Renaissance
  • Industrial Revolution people employed reason
    not only to advance theory but also to regulate
    and enhance their daily existence.
  • Improvement of the steam engine lead to
    industrial production
  • Inventions such as the syringe, air pump, mercury
    thermometer, mainspring clock, and cotton gin
    provided effective new ways of solving problems.

9
Literature of the Renaissance
  • Literature was a branch of rhetoric, the art of
    spoken language for teaching, giving pleasure and
    persuading.
  • During the Renaissance period, there were a lot
    of elaborate speeches written.
  • The literature also was used as a form to
    persuade readers to do good. It was used to
    train the will by increasing mans horror of evil
    and by strengthening his resolve to act well.

10
Literature of the Renaissance
  • The Machiavellian concept(crafty and deceitful)
    emerged based on Machiavellis book The Prince in
    which readers were taught that Rulers were saved
    not by their goodness, but by their strength,
    cunning, and ability.
  • Many works moved from being written in the formal
    language of Latin, to the vernacular, or native
    language. Works appeared in French, Italian and
    Spanish.

11
Literature of the Renaissance
  • Many of the works from this time period were
    modeled after old forms, to create new meaning.
  • Petrarch noted, we must write just as the bees
    make honey, not keeping the flowers (works of the
    other writers) but turning them into a sweetness
    all our own, blending many different flavors into
    one, which shall be unlike them all, and better.

12
Literature of the Renaissance
  • Invention also impacted the literature of the
    period. The creation of movable type by
    Gutenberg allowed for the widespread distribution
    of the Bible.
  • Newspapers began to grow in popularity which led
    to the creation of Public Opinion.

13
Literature of the Renaissance
  • Some of the famous works of this time period
  • Italian or Petrarchan Sonnets
  • Shakespearean Sonnets
  • Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote

14
Unit 6 Literary Focus Sonnets
  • Sonnet a fourteen-line lyric poem that is
    written in iambic pentameter.
  • Types of Sonnets There are two major types of
    sonnets. The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet is
    named after the Italian poet Petrarch. The
    English or Shakespearean sonnet is named after
    William Shakespeare. The main difference between
    the two is the rhyme scheme.

15
Characteristics of Sonnets
  • Common Themes love, lost love, and the
    admiration of a fair-haired beauty are a few of
    the more common themes in early sonnets.
  • Examples
  • Love is in all the water, earth, and air,/And
    love possesses every living thing.-from Spring
    by Petrarch.
  • Love is not love/Which alters when it alteration
    finds..-from Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare

16
Characteristics of SonnetsLiterary Devices
  • Alliteration the repetition of initial
    consonant sounds. Ex. For the wind to toy and
    tangle
  • Consonance the repetition of final consonant
    sounds in stressed syllables containing
    dissimilar vowel sounds. Ex. Let me not to the
    marriage of true minds/ Admit impediments

17
Literary Devices Continued
  • Personification giving human characteristics to
    nonhuman subjects. Ex. The rose/ in her
    beautiful youth
  • Simile using the words like or as to compare
    two dissimilar things. Ex. in loves soft
    bands,/ Like captives trembling at the victors
    sight

18
Literary Devices Continued
  • Metaphor speaking of a subject as though it
    were something else as a way to compare and
    contrast two dissimilar things. Ex. The sky
    folds its wings over you, / Lifting you
  • Conceit a startling and often elaborate
    comparison between two apparently different
    things. Often, this extended metaphor forms the
    controlling idea of the entire sonnet. Ex. For
    her who carried in her little hand/ my hearts
    key to her heavenly sojourn

19
Sonnets continued
  • Sonnet Sequences a series of sonnets that allow
    the poet to trace the development of a
    relationship or examine different aspects of a
    single theme.
  • Petrarch wrote a series of sonnets to a lifelong
    love named Laura.
  • Shakespeares 154 sonnets are the most famous
    sonnet sequence in the English language.

20
Petrarchan Sonnet
  • The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet consists of an
    octave (eight-line stanza) and a sestet (six-line
    stanza).
  • The octave rhyme scheme is usually abba abba.
  • The sestet has the rhyme scheme of cdecde, or
    cdedce, or cdcdcd.
  • The octave states a theme or asks a questions
    that the sestet answers or resolves.

21
English or Shakespearean Sonnet
  • Consists of three quatrains (four-line stanzas)
    and a final couplet (two lines).
  • The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.
  • Each of the three quatrains explores a different
    aspect of the poems subject.
  • The couplet presents a concluding comment.
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