Art Periods in Modern European History

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Art Periods in Modern European History
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Renaissance

• Based on rationality, admiration of classicism, a
  secular approach to the world.
• Innovations include oil paint, use of point
  perspective, shading, use of an outside source of
  light.

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Mannerism

• More subjective and emotional.
• Mannerism reflects the troubled time of the
  reformation vs. Catholic counter reformation
• Abandonment of perspective, or very elongated
  exaggerated limbs, dark shadows.
• El Greco, Titian, late Michelangelo.

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Baroque

• More realistic than mannerism.
• Grand, elaborate, formal, and emotional.
• Tied to grandeur of the church or monarchs.
• Rubens, Velazquez, Bach, Handel, Opera, Milton,
  late Shakespeare, Cervantes.

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Rococo

• Elaborate but lighter, almost dainty.
• Mainly the 1700s.
• Watteau, Fragonard
• Great patron was Louis XVs mistress, Madame de
  Pompadour.

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Realism

• Netherlands
• Fans Hals, Jan Vermeer, Rembrandt.
• Still life, everyday scenes, spiritual side of
  life reflected in faces.

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Neoclassicism

• Late 1700s.
• Tied to the Enlightenment.
• Use of the arch, simple forms..
• Paintings Statuesque, simple, balanced, clear,
  less emotion.

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Romanticism

• Objections to the Enlightenments emphasis on
  reason, form, and the classics.
• Themes of nature, simple life.
• Gothic images or exotic images.
• Music ballads, folk songs
• Writers Keats, Shelley, Lord Byron.

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Realism

• Romanticism considered too sentimental.
• Later 1800s.
• Art intended to push for social reform realistic
  depiction of life and its problems.
• Gustave, Courbet, Daumier, Millet.
• Literature Balzac, Flaubert, Dickens.

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Naturalism

• Mid 18th century literary movement.
• Scientific description of nature and the mind.
• Zola, Stephen Crane, Ibsen.

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Symbolism

• Literary movement that suggested rather than
  named.
• Mallamè

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Impressionism

• Pleasant scenes rather than social comment,
  abandon line, perspective, and studio light.
• Attempt to capture a fleeting moment in time.
• Monet, Degas, Renoir.

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Post-Impressionism

• Turning away from impressionism because it lacked
  form and discipline.
• This movement was only united in rejecting
  impressionism.
• Expressed chaos and complexity of the machine
  age.
• Importance of line.
• Beginnings of the modern art movement.
• Cezanne, Seurat, Gaugin, Van Gogh,
  Toulouse-Latrec.

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Cubism

• Use of shape to suggest reality.
• Movement toward abstraction.
• Picasso, Braque.

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Expressionism

• Use of strong color and line to show emotion and
  lack of order in the human mind.
• Influence of African masks and images (and
  influence of Imperialism)
• Matisse, Munch, Van Gogh.

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Abstract expressionism

• Purely abstract, emotionally associative design
  of shapes and colors.
• Kandinsky, New York school.
• Reflection of modern timespost World War I

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Surrealism

• Psychological paintings, sometimes very
  realistic, that reveal the inner mind.
• Dali, Klee, Miro, Chagall.
• Again, reflection of Freudian concepts and the
  scars that World War I and II have on the world
  psyche.

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