The High Renaissance and Early Mannerism

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The High Renaissance and Early Mannerism

• 1494-1564

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The High Renaissance

• Center of culture shifted from Florence to Rome
• Popes were leading patrons
• Classical principles of beauty, balance, order,
  serenity, harmony and rational design were
  perfected

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The Rise of the Modern Sovereign State

• From 1494-1569, Europes international political
  life was controlled by France and Spain.
• The new states were strong because they were
  united around powerful rulers

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The Struggle for Italy 1494-1529

• France invaded Italy in 1494
• For 35 years, Italy was a battleground where
  France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire fought
  among themselves and the Italian states
• In 1527, sack of Rome by Charles V and his troops

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Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire

• Charles V also known as Charles I of Spain
• Ruled the largest empire the world has ever known

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Holy Roman Empire
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Economic Expansion and Social Developments

• A time of growing population and increasing
  prosperity Center of commerce shifted from
  Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast
• London financial center
• Major population shift from rural to urban areas
• Travels to the New World
• Beginnings of slave trade

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The High Renaissance

• What distinguished High Renaissance from Early
  Renaissance?
• The artists of the High Renaissance took the
  ideas of the Early Renaissance and perfected them
• The High Renaissance existed for only a brief
  time 1494-1520

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Mannerism

• Mannerist painters chose odd perspectives
• Rejected idealism
• Turned and twisted the human body into unusual
  poses
• A denial of the value of human beings and a
  negative view of human nature

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Renaissance Literature

• Writers drew their themes and values from
  Greco-Roman classic
• Castiglione The Book of the Courtier was one of
  the most influential books of the period
• Machiavelli The Prince negative view of human
  nature Mannerist

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Painting

• An age of painting
• Classical values of idealism, balance and
  restraint
• After 1520,, Mannerist tendencies became
  prominent
• Three major painters of the Renaissance
  Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael

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Leonardo da Vinci

• The Last Supper inaugurated High Renaissance
• Mathematical precision, idealism, and
  psychological truth

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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Michelangelo

• A painter, sculptor, and architect
• Remained a sculptor at heart

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Sistine Chapel ceiling

• Combines biblical narrative, theology,
  Neo-Platonist philosophy, and Classical allusions

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Sistine Chapel
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Sistine Chapel
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Sistine Chapel
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Raphael

• Blends sacred and secular
• Expresses the ideals of High Renaissance better
  than any other painter

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Raphael
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Raphael
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Venetian PaintersGeorgione
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Titian
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ParmigianinoMannerism
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Sculpture

• Michelangelo- the premier Renaissance sculptor

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Pieta
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David
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Architecture

• Bramante was commissioned to rebuild St. Peters
  Basilica
• He died before his plans could be carried out
• At the age of 71, Michelangelo was given this
  task
• In architecture, Michelangelo stayed true to
  Renaissance ideals

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St. Peters Basilica
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St.. Peters Basilica
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