The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca 1780

1
Chapter 22

• The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca
  17801860

2
A colorful timetable poster lists the trains from
London to Folkstone,

• A colorful timetable poster lists the trains from
  London to Folkstone, the English Channels
  gateway port to the European continent, and
  proudly proclaims the speed of the journey.

Private Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library
3
Woman Working a Hargreavess Spinning Jenny

• The loose cotton strands on the slanted bobbins
  passed up to the sliding carriage and then on to
  the spindles in back for fine spinning. The
  worker, almost always a woman, regulated the
  sliding carriage with one hand, and with the
  other she turned the crank on the wheel to supply
  power. By 1783 one woman could spin by hand a
  hundred threads at a time on an improved model.

Mary Evans Picture Library
4
The Saltash Bridge

• Railroad construction presented innumerable
  challenges, such as the building of bridges to
  span rivers and gorges. Civil engineers responded
  with impressive feats, and their profession
  bounded ahead. This painting portrays the
  inauguration of I. K. Brunels Saltash Bridge,
  where the railroad crosses the Tamar River into
  Cornwall in southwest England. The high spans
  allow large ships to pass underneath.

Elton Collection, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust
5
The Industrial Revolution in England, ca 1850

• Industry concentrated in the rapidly growing
  cities of the north and the Midlands, where rich
  coal and iron deposits were in close proximity.

6
Ford Maddox Brown Work

• This midcentury painting provides a rich visual
  representation of the new concepts of social
  class that became common by 1850. The central
  figures are the colorful laborers, endowed by the
  artist with strength and nobility. Close by, a
  poor girl minds her brother and sister for her
  working mother. On the right, a middle-class
  minister and a social critic observe and do
  intellectual work. What work does the couple on
  horseback perform?

Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery/ The Bridgeman
Art Library
7
Jedediah Strutt (ca 1790),

• Jedediah Strutt (ca 1790), by Joseph Wright of
  Derby.

Derby Museum Art Gallery/ The Bridgeman Art
Library
8
Workers at a Large Cotton Mill

• This 1833 engraving shows adult women operating
  power looms under the supervision of a male
  foreman, and it accurately reflects both the
  decline of family employment and the emergence of
  a gender-based division of labor in many English
  factories. The jungle of belts and shafts
  connecting the noisy looms to the giant steam
  engine on the ground floor created a constant din.

Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
9
Celebrating Skilled Labor

• This handsome engraving embellished the
  membership certificate of the British carpenters
  union, one of the leading new model unions that
  represented skilled workers effectively after
  1850. The upper panel shows carpenters building
  the scaffolding for a great arch the lower panel
  captures the spirit of a busy workshop.

HIP/Art Resource, NY