THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• 7.1 Notes

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• What is a Revolution?

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Britains Unique Advantages to Industrialization

• Escaped direct damages from wars in Europe from
  1688-1815
• The union of England and Scotland in 1707 formed
  a single economic unit
• Abundant amount of natural resources
• Disappearance of serfdom meant that the surplus
  of labor released by rising agricultural
  productivity could now move to growing industrial
  centers
• England had a unique network of canals and
  rivers, to move raw materials and finished goods

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Agricultural Revolution 1700-1800

• Jethro Tull, 1674-1741
• First Modern Farmer
• Invented seed drill

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Ag. Rev. Cont.

• Enclosure Movement
• Law passed by parliament in the 1700s where
  landowners fenced off common lands, causing
  peasants to move into towns.
• Crop Rotation
• produced more crops using same amount of land
• Allowed Britain to have a plentiful supply of
  labor in urban area.

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Energy Revolution

• Coal used to power steam engines
• James Watt (1769) pump to get water out of mines
• Rail lines (1780)
• Crossed Britain, Europe, N. America
• Improved trade
• Encouraged travel

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Textile Industry

• Flying shuttle, Spinning jenny, Water frame,
  Spinning mule, Power loom, Cotton Gin
• 1785
• 40 million yards
• 1850
• 2 billion yards

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Hazards of Life

• Long hours
• Low pay
• Safety issues
• Pollution
• Overcrowded living condition
• Children labor

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The Bourgeois

• Because of the industrial revolution a new middle
  class was formed
• Merchants, industrialists, professionals, and
  entrepreneurs

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Capitalism vs. Socialism

• Capitalism
• Individuals control factors of
  production
• Land, labor, capital, business privately owned
• Socialism
• Government controls all means of production
• Operated for the people

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Socialism

• Karl Marx
• believed that the capitalistic system was
  destructive
• Believed socialism and communism was the answer
• Public ownership of production would allow the
  wealth to be distributed more equitably to
  everyone.