Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution
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Roots of Revolution

• Commercial Rev- economic growth and solidifying
  doctrine of mercantilism
• Sci. Rev.- mechanical inventions and technology
• Population- 140 mil- 1750 266 mil- 1800s
• Political/Social Rev.- rise of middle class power
  

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Why it begins in England (1780s)

• 2nd to Dutch in agriculture
• Bountiful crops, lower prices, excess cash for
  mfd. goods
• Effective central bank good credit
• Stable predictable govt.
• Free market free initiative
• Large class of mobile workers due to enclosure

• Colonies
• Cheaper to ship by sea
• English navy
• All of England w/in 20mi of the sea
• Canal building boom
• Enormous iron and coal deposits
• No internal tariffs (France Germany)

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Industry

• Cotton Textiles Number 1

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James Hargreaves 1765Spinning Jenny
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Richard Arkwright Water frame
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Cotton Goods

• Goods become cheaper
• All classes are consumers
• Due to demand caused by excess spinning weavers
  become highest paid in Britain

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Factories

• Originally in country for power supply
• People refuse to work there, look like poor
  houses
• Owners turn to children, some 5 and 6 years old

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Energy Problems

• Lack of wood
• Coal alternative flawed
• Mines flood
• Mines full of gas
• Mines lack air

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Thomas Newcomen 1705
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James Watt 1760 Egine more efficient 1/4 of the
fuel
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Watt Engine
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George Stephensons Rocket
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Steam Trains

• 1830- 16 miles an hour
• 1850- 50 miles an hour
• Cheaper costs
• Greater markets
• Larger factories needed
• Eventually passengers

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Malthus
Population
Food Supply
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Ricardo

• Wages will always sink to subsistence levels

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Adam Smith

• Laissez-faire economy
• Leave it alone!

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Robert Owen

• New Lanark Mill
• Utopia for workers!