Human Civilization and Climate Since 1880

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Human Civilization and Climate Since 1880

• Aaron S Burkle
• Dept. of Awesome
• (Geography)

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What do we know
Some truth but. We can only take it at face
value
Climate change is occurring but to what extent
are humans at fault
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What do we know
Increases in fossil fuel and sulfate emissions
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What do we know

• Why 1880?
• Major changes in human civilization
• Size
• Type
• Technology and industry
• Brief review of the advancement of humans

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What do we know

• Population stable for 10,000 years or so
• Something happened at the end of the 18th C.
• Population explosion
• Industrial Revolution
• Urbanization

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What do we know

• Cities are not new
• 100 AD Rome 450,0001
• 1000 AD Cordova, Spain 450,0001
• Recent growth is unprecedented
• 1900 13 cities gt1 million pop.
• 2000 375 cities (2800 increase)
• Est. 2015 564 cities (almost double)

1. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth An
Historical Census by Tertius Chandler. 1987, St.
David's University Press.
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Urbanization

• 1900 no city had gt10 million
• 2003 20 cities gt10 million
• 1800 3 world pop. lived in cities
• 2000 almost 50 world pop.
• Why this sudden increase?

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Industrial Revolution

• Began 1780s England
• Really big by about 1850
• Steam engine
• Mechanization and centralization of industry
• Textiles were the first
• Metal industries iron and later, steel
• Transport rail, shipping

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Fossil Fuel Emissions
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Sulfate Emissions
1850
1780
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Industrial Revolution and Climate

• Urbanization (land use change)
• Industry (pollutants)
• Continuation/increase of industry
• Regional industrial shift in recent decades

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Pittsburgh, 1857
Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageMononga
hela_River_Scene_Pittsburgh_PA_1857.jpg
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Urbanization

• Loss of vegetation (biomass)
• Concentration of
• People
• Industry
• Transportation
• Heat Island effect

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Urbanization and Sprawl

• Effect of vegetation on CO2
• Loss of vegetation due to urbanization

Baltimore, MD
Source Urban Sprawl The Big Picture.
http//science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/11oct_spra
wl.htm
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Combination of factors
• People
• Vehicles
• Buildings
• Vegetation cooling effect
• Increased need for electricity
• 70 still generated by fossil fuels

Increase CO2 Increase heat levels
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Heat Island and Global Warming

• Some feel our measurements are flawed due to
  urban heat island
• Most measurements taken in/near cities
• 4th Assessment of the IPCC refutes this theory
• the global land warming trend discussed is very
  unlikely to be influenced significantly by
  increasing urbanisation (sic) (Parker, 2006).

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New York Temp. and Veg.
Source http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/
NewImages/images.php3?img_id17354
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Industry, Pollution and Climate
Increased Greenhouse Effect
Fossil fuel emissions
Increasing Temperature
Scatter and reflect light
Sulfates
Decrease insolation
Decreasing Temperature (?)
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Fossil Fuel Emissions
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Sulfate Emissions
1850
1780
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Increase and Shift in Industry
Source National Energy Research Science Center
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The New Polluters

• Newly industrializing nations
• Same process that happened 150-200 yrs ago
• India, China especially
• 2006 China passed US in total CO2 emissions1
• 8 higher

1. US Dept. of Energy Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy
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2002 Figures
300,000,000 X 5.5 T 1.65 billion T
1,300,000,000 x .8 T 1.04 billion T
Source http//www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image
Fossil_Fuel_Usage_png
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Conclusions

• Since Industrial Revolution, increasing
• Industrialization
• Urbanization
• Fossil fuel emissions
• Has this caused or accelerated global warming