(?? ? ??, Postharvest diseases)

1
???? ???? ? ?? (?? ? ??, Postharvest diseases)
? ? ?
??????? ??????
2
??, ??, ?? ?
3
?? ??? ??????
???? (????)
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4
? ???? ? ???? ? ?? ???? (????) ? ??? ?? ? ???
?? ? ????(?) ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? - ??,
??, ???? ? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???
??
5
???? ??

• ???/????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?
• ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?
• ???? ??, ??, ???, ?? ?? ???? ?

6
?? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ??

• ??? ???? (??, ???) 10 (FAO ??)
• ? ?? ??? 20
• ?? ?? ? ?? ???? 24 (USDA, 1965)
• ?? ?? ??? ????
• ? ??(Field) 35
• ? ???? 1012
• ? ???? 5

7

• ?? ? ???? ??
• ?? ?? ? ??
• ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.
• ??, ?? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???
• ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.
• ?? ???? ????.

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Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and
Vegetables

• ???? ???? ???
• ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ????
• ? ? ??? ???? ?? ????
• (????? ???? ???? ?? ????)
• ????? ????
• ??? Penicillium italicum in citrus fruit
  (????????)
• ??? Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea,
• Geotrichum candidum(??),
  Rhizopus stolonifer etc.

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Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and
Vegetables

• ???? ??
• ???(Soft rots)? ?????
• Geotrichum, Rhizopus, Sclerotinia, Pseudomonas
  and Erwinia
• ?????
• Phytophthora, Monilinia, Botrytis etc
• ?????
• ???? Fusarium spp.

10
Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and
Vegetables

• ????? ???? ? ????
• ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??
• - ??, ??, ???????( Botrytis cinerea)
• - ?? ???(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)
• ????? ???? ????? ??? ???
• ??? ? ????? ??
• - ??, ? ??????(Botryosphaeria dothidea)
• - ??, ? ???(Glomerella cingulata)
• ?? ?? ???? ??(??? ??, ?? ??)
• - ??, ?, ??, ?? ?????(Penicillium spp.)

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Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and
Vegetables

• ????? ????
• ???? ?? ????
• ?? ??/?? ??? ?? ?? Botrytis cinerea
• ??(??) ?? Geotrichum, Penicillium, Rhizopus,
• Thieloviopsis ?

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Post-harvest diseases(PDs) of fruits and
Vegetables
??(??)? ??? ???? ??
???
?? ??? ??
????
???
???
??????? ??/???/??? ????
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??? ??
? ??? ??(Mechanical injuries) - ???? ??,
????, ??? ? ? ??? ??(Physiological injuries) -
??, ??, ??, ??? ??
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??? ??
? Splitting (???) ? Internal cruising (?? ?) ?
Superficial grazing and scratches (??) ?
Crushing of leafy vegetables and soft produce
(???)
??(??)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??
15
??(??)? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??

• ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??
• ?????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??
• ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??

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?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??(??)
lt ?? ?? gt
lt ? ?? ?? gt

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?????? ??? ???? ????
?, ??, ???, ??, ??, ??
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? ????
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Pear
?????? (Penicillium sp.)
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Pear
?????? (Alternaria kikuchiana)
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Pear
????? (Phomopsis fukushii)
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Pear
??????(Botrytis cinerea)
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Pear
????(Botryosphaeria dothidea)
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80
66
60
???? ()
40
30
20
20
8
2
2
0
???
???????
???????
???????
????
??????
???
? ???? ???? ???? ????
25
?? ????
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Apple
?????? (Botryosphaeria dothidea)
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Apple
??????(Penicillium expansum)
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Apple
??????(Alternaria alternata)
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Apple
??????(Botrytis cinerea)
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Apple
?????(Fusarium sp.)
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Apple
???(Glomerella cingulata)
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Apple
??(Phytophthora cactorum)
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Apple
?????(Monilinia fructicola)
34
Apple
Rhizopus ???(Rhizopus sp.)
35
66
70
60
????()
50
40
30
19
15
20
3
2
2
10
0
???????
??????
????
???????
???????
???
???
??????? ???? ????
36
??? ????
37
Kiwi fruit
????? (Botryosphaeria dothidea)
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Kiwi fruit
?????? (Botrytis cinerea)
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?? ????
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Perssimon
?????? (Botrytis cinerea)
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?????? (Penicillium crustosum)
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??? (Mucor piriformis)
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????? (Alternaria alternata)
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Leaf blight(Pestalotia diospyris)
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??? (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
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???? (Cladosporium cladosporioides)
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?? ????
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grape
??????(Botrytis cinerea)
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grape
Phomopsis ?????(Phomopsis sp.)
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?? ????
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??????(Penicillium digitatum)
Symptom
Pathogen
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citrus fruits
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum
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??????(Penicillium italicum)
Symptom
Pathogen
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citrus fruits
??????(Penicillium italicum)
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?????(Diaporthe citri)
A
C
B
E
D
F
?? (External A-E, InternalF)
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Alternaria ???( Alternaria citri)
A
B
C
C
D
?? (External, A-B Internal, C) and Pathogen(D)
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Phoma???(Phoma erratica)
?? (External, left Internal, right)
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??????(Botrytis cinerea)
??
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?????(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)
??
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?????(Galactomyces citri-aurantii) Imperfect
stage Geotrichum citri-aurantii
?? (External, left Internal, right)
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??? (????)
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citrus fruits
?????(??, Phytophthora citrophthora)
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citrus fruits
?????(Alternaria citri)
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citrus fruits
???(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
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citrus fruits
Rhizopus ???(Rhizopus sp.)
66
Thank you for your attention ! Have a great time !