Vegetable Crops

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Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551Lecture 11, Irish
or White Potato

• Instructor
• Dr. Stephen L. Love
• Aberdeen R E Center
• 1693 S 2700 W
• Aberdeen, ID 83210
• Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
• Email slove_at_uidaho.edu

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Idaho Potato Field Modern Intensive Production
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Organic/ Market Garden Production
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Ecuador Subsistence Production
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Potato

• Taxonomy
• Dicotyledon
• Family Solanaceae
• Genus and species Solanum tuberosum
• gp tuberosum
• gp andigena
• Related species
• tomato, pepper, tobacco, nightshade

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Potato

• andigena characteristics
• Short-day adapted
• Extremely variable
• Some high in alkaloids

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Potato

• tuberosum characteristics
• Day-neutral
• Narrow genetic base
• Market-based variability
• Low in alkaloids

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Potato

• Domestication
• Harvested and/or cultivated in the Peruvian Andes
  10,000 years ago
• Spread to most of South America by 1000 AD
• Imported into Europe by Spanish around 1570
• Brought to North America from Europe around 1720
• Spread to much of the world by 1800
• (Became popular because of ability to survive war)

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Potato

• South AmericanVarieties
• Derived from several local wild species

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Potato

• North American and World Varieties
• Derived from European accessions (late 1700s)

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Potato

• Use and importance
• Ranks as 4th most important food crop (most
  important of dicots)
• Dry matter production/unit area exceeds wheat,
  barley and maize
• World production is nearly 30 million mt

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World Production Modern Intensive
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World Production Total
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Potato

• Consumer use
• Industrial countries
• 30 of
• production
• Fresh market
• boiled, fried and baked products for home and
  restaurant use

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Potato

• Consumer use
• Industrial countries
• 60 of
• production
• Processed
• french fries and other frozen/fried products,
  potato chips, dehydrated products, canned, starch
  products, other

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Potato

• Consumer use
• Developing countries
• Fresh preparation
• boiled and fried for home use

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Potato

• Consumer use
• Developing countries
• Processed
• Home-made potato flour products, glass noodles,
  tunta and chuno

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Potato

• Making chuno and tunta

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Potato

• Adaptation
• Climate
• Cool, temperate, moist
• Equatorial highlands
• High deserts (irrigated)
• Winter seasons in hot climates

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Potato

• Propagation
• Clonal system
• Seed quality
• Certification

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Potato

• Production Stand establishment
• Seed preparation
• cut vs whole seed
• seed treatments
• chitting

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Potato

• Diseases
• Fungal
• Bacterial
• Viral
• Potatoes are susceptible to many diseases at all
  stages of growth and storage, making control an
  important production consideration

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Potato

• Diseases
• Fungal
• Late blight

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Potato

• Diseases
• Fungal
• Verticillium wilt

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Potato

• Diseases
• Fungal
• Early blight

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Potato

• Diseases
• Fungal
• Fusarium dry rot

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Potato

• Diseases
• Bacterial
• Ring rot

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Potato

• Diseases
• Bacterial
• Soft rot

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Potato

• Diseases
• Bacterial
• Common scab

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Potato

• Diseases
• Viral
• Leafroll

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Potato

• Diseases
• Viral
• Potato Virus Y

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Potato

• Disease control
• Fungal diseases
• Fungicides, crop rotation, genetic resistance
• Bacterial diseases
• Sanitation, proper healing
• Viral diseases
• Vector control, seed certification, genetic
  resistance

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Potato

• Weed control
• Hoeing
• Mechanical cultivation
• Herbicides

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Potato

• Insects
• Colorado potato beetle
• Green peach aphid
• Wireworm
• Nematodes

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Potato

• Insect Control
• Natural predators
• Physical methods
• Insecticides

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Potato

• Harvest
• Maturation
• Minimizing injury

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Potato

• Postharvest handling and storage
• Cooling
• Wound healing

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Potato

• Storage and Quality Maintenance
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Sprout inhibition

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Potato

• Quality
• Based on
• Tuber size distribution
• Tuber conformation
• Overall appearance
• Tuber solids (or specific gravity)
• Tuber sugar content

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Potato

• Use Suitability
• Best use based on tuber starch content (specific
  gravity)
• 1.060-1.075 Boiling and canning
• 1.075-1.085 Baking and boiling
• 1.080-1.095 French frying and baking
• 1.085-1.100 Chipping and french frying

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Potato Modern Intensive

• Mechanization

Expense
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Potato Modern Intensive

• Variety Selection

Based on end use
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Potato Modern Intensive

• Seed Management

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Potato Modern Intensive

• Fertilization
• Inorganic sources
• Seasonal applications

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Potato Modern Intensive

• Pest and weed control
• Crop rotation
• Pesticides
• Green manures
• Mechanical control

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Potato Modern Intensive

• Storage 12 month supply

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Potato Modern Intensive
Storage temperature considerations
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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Variety Selection
• Based on
• Market preference
• Resistance to pests

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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Seed management
• Single drop seed
• Certified seed
• Sanitation

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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Fertilization
• Applications of
• Organic matter
• Organic supplements
• Green Manures
• Rotation with legumes

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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Disease Control
• Certified seed
• Genetic resistance
• Avoidance (location)
• Sanitation
• Crop rotations
• Approved fungicides

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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Insect Control
• Exclusion
• Flaming
• Predators
• Approved insecticides

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Potato Organic/Market Garden

• Weed control
• Avoidance
• Weed bank control
• Cultivation
• Manual

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Potato Subsistence

• Variety selection
• Dependability
• Resistance
• Personal choice

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Potato Subsistence

• Seed management
• Whole seed
• Short dormancy
• Return planting

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Potato Subsistence

• Pest management
• Use of land races
• Elimination

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Potato Subsistence

• Storage
• Clamp systems
• Home processing
• Ground storage