European Colonization of the Americas

1
European Colonization of the Americas

• Emphasis on the North American British Colonies

2
Colonies in the Americas
SPANISH BRITISH FRENCH
GOALS Win converts to Christianity Gain Land and Riches God, Glory, and Gold Commercial Ventures Haven for persecuted religious groups Permanent colonies Fishing, fur trapping Win converts to Christianity
GOVERNMENT King exercises strict control through Council of the Indies and viceroys Overseen by royal governors Colonists enjoy large degree of self-government At first, France paid little attention Later, king (monarch) exercised control over justice and economy
RELIGION Catholic Church influences colonial government Missionaries seek converts to Christianity (Catholic) Haven for religious persecution City on a Hill Missionaries sought converts to Christianity (Catholic) Prohibited settling by Protestants
SLAVERY Used Native Americans, then African slaves Brutal African slaves, especially on southern plantations African slaves in the Caribbean colonies
INTERACTION WITH NATIVE AMERICANS Conquered and destroyed native civilizations Some early settlers helped by native Americans Later settlers fought native Americans for land Native Americans helped fur traders claim territory Settlers married native American women
3
European Imperial Claims and Settlements in
Eastern North America, 15651625
4
French Spanish Occupation of North America, to
1750
5

• Eastern North America in 1650

6
New Netherlands New Sweden
7
The Caribbean Colonies, 1660
8
Ethnic Groups in Colonial America
9
New England Colonies
Colony (Date founded) Leader Reasons founded
Massachusetts Plymouth (1620) Massachusetts Bay (1630) William Bradford Miles Standish John Winthrop Religious Freedom
New Hampshire (1622) Ferdinando Gorges John Mason Profit from trading and fishing
Connecticut Hartford (1636) New Haven (1639) Thomas Hooker Religious and political freedom Expand trade
Rhode Island (1636) Roger Williams Religious freedom (dissent)
10
Colonizing New England
11
New England Spreads Out
12

• Settlement Patterns within New England Towns,
  16301700

13
New England Colonies, 1650
14

• The Dominion of New England, 1686-1689

15
Population ComparisonsNew England vs. the
Chesapeake
16
Southern Colonies
Colony (Date founded) Leader Reasons founded
Virginia (1607) John Smith Trade and farming
Maryland (1632) Lord Baltimore Profit from land sales Religious (Catholic) and political freedom
The Carolinas (1663) North (1712) South (1712) Group of 8 proprietors Trade and farming Religious freedom
Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe Profit Home for debtors Buffer against Spanish Florida
17
page50.jpg
18

• River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640

19
Chesapeake Expansion, 16071700
20
page60.jpg
21

• Power and Race in the Chesapeake Enoch Pratt
  Free Library of Baltimore.

22
Settling the Lower South
23
18th Century Southern Colonies
24
Middle Colonies
Colony (Date founded) Leader Reasons founded
New York (1624) Peter Minuit Expand trade
Delaware (1638) Swedish settlers Expand trade
New Jersey (1664) John Berkeley George Carteret Profit from land sales Religious and political freedom
Pennsylvania (1682) William Penn Profit from land sales Religious and political freedom
25
European Colonization in the Middle and North
Atlantic, c. 1650
26
Settling the Middle or Restoration Colonies
27
New York Manors Land Grants Dutch (Holland,
the Netherlands) Patroonships
28
Duke of Yorks Original Charter
29

• Britains American Empire, 1713