CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER and SEPARATION

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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER and SEPARATION
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Classification of Matter
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SEPARATION OF A HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Separation based on physical method. Magnetic
property of the iron.
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Filtration separates a liquid or soluble
component from a solid.
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Figure 2.17 Separation of a sand-saltwater
mixture.
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Distillation

• A solution is heated in a distillation apparatus.
  If the water evaporates at a lower temperature
  than the other substance, water will collect in
  the flask attached to the condenser, leaving the
  other substance behind. (ex salt water)
• If water evaporates at a higher temperature than
  the other substance, then the other substance
  will evaporate first and therefore collect in the
  flask attached to the condenser. (ex alcohol
  and water)

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Separation of a Homogeneous Mixture (parts have
different boiling points)
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The solution is boiled and the component with the
lowest boiling point is driven off, in this case,
its steam (water).
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The substance with the higher boiling point
remains in the flask, in this case salt remains
after all water is boiled off.
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No chemical change occurs when salt water is
distilled.
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Electrolysisdecomposition of water by an
electric current, is chemical process
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Chromatography

• Separation by using differences in the degree to
  which various substances are attracted to the
  surface of a nonreactive substance.
• Ex You can tell the difference between two
  writing pens, because chromatography done on
  filter paper will show the components of the
  inks. They will probably be different.

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Chromatography separates parts with different
attractions to a medium
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Column Chromatography
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Homework

• Page 77 4, 5, 6