Classification of Matter

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Chapter 18

• Classification of Matter

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Types of Matter

• Substance definite composition
• Elements 1 type of atom
• Compounds atoms of 2 or more elements bonded
  together 

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Since compounds are 2 chemically bonded elements,
they are made up of molecules.

• Molecule 2 or more atoms bonded together
  chemically.
• Ex. Water (H-O-H) or Salt (Na-Cl).

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The properties of the compound are different than
if the elements were separate.

• Na Sodium is a metal that is explosive near
  water
• Cl A green, poisonous gas.
• NaCl together, they are table salt

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Some types of matter have identical properties
throughout the object This is called homogenous
matter. Ex water, salt and sugar.
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Other types of matter have different properties
throughout the object. This is called
heterogeneous matter. Ex granite, Ocean Water,
Salad Dressing Nestle Crunch.
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Types of Matter

• Mixture Variable combination of 2 or more pure
  substances (not chemically combined or bonded),
  no definite composition
• Homogenous same throughout
• Solution
• Heterogenous different throughout
• Colloid never settles
• Suspension - settles

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Solutions, Colloids Suspensions
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Laws of Mixtures

• Each substance must be homogenous and keep its
  chemical make-up.
• Substances may change in physical appearance.
• Substances can be separated from each other at
  any time.

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Mixtures

• Solution
• homogeneous
• very small particles
• No Tyndall effect

• particles dont settle
• EX rubbing alcohol
• Alloys mixture of 2 metals
• ex bronze, Gold (14kt, 24kt.)

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Mixtures

• Colloid
• heterogeneous
• medium-sized particles
• Tyndall effect
• particles dont settle
• EX milk

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Mixtures

• Suspension
• heterogeneous
• large particles
• particles settle
• EX fresh-squeezed lemonade

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Classifying Matter

• Mixture a blend of 2 or more pure substances
• Composition may vary
• Alloys Mixture of 2 metals
• Examples bronze

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Tyndal Effect

•  ability of colloids to scatter light
• Ex visible beam of light
• headlight, search light

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Separation of Mixtures

• Filtration separation of a heterogeneous
  mixture by filtering
• Distillation separation by Boiling Point

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• Crystallization evaporating a liquid to collect
  crystals
• Chromatography allows solution particles to
  flow along a stationary phase (ex. Ink)
• Electrolysis electrical separation of a mixture
  or compound

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Physical Property

• Observed characteristics

color odor state density hardness elasticit
y luster strength viscosity malleable electr
ical conductivity bpt fpt mpt
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Physical Change

• Appearance of matter changes
• Chemical makeup does not
• Still the same material
• Ex. bending metal, breaking glass, melting wax,
  sanding wood, evaporating water

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Types of phase changes

• Melting- solid to a liquid
• Freezing- liquid to a solid
• Evaporation-liquid to a gas
• Sublimation- solid to a gas

Phase changes require either the addition or
subtraction of energy!
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Chemical Property

• Ability of a substance to undergo or resist
  chemical changes
•   Ex iron can rust
• Fe O2 ? rust
• Charcoal can burn
• charcoal O2 ? CO2

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Chemical Change

• New substance is formed
• it will have different physical and chemical
  properties
• Ex Fe O2 ? rust
• rusting
• charcoal O2 ? CO2 burning

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Ways to determine if a chemical change has taken
place

• Production of heat
• Production of light
• The appearance of gas bubbles
• The formation of a solid

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This is a Chemical Change!
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Conservation of Mass

• Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a
  chemical change