Classification of Matter

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Classification of Matter
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Matter

• Everything is made up of tiny particles called
  atoms.
• We organize matter by how the atoms are connected
  (bonded)

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2 major classifications categories

• 1. Pure Substance made up of 1 kind of matter,
  from the periodic table
• 2. Mixture made of 2 or more substances that
  are not chemically combined

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1. Pure Substances

• A. Element
• All matter composed of identical atoms, from the
  periodic table
• EX copper

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A. Element

• Monoatomic 1 atom
• - EX He
• Diatomic 2 atoms
• - EX O2
• Polyatomic 3 or more atoms
• - Ex Al3

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B. Compound

• B. Compound
• 2 or more different elements that chemically
  combine to form a new substance
• properties differ from those of individual
  elements
• EX salt (NaCl), H2O

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2. Mixtures

• Material that contains 2 or more substances that
  are not chemically combined
• Can physically separate
• 2 Types Homogeneous and
• Heterogeneous

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A. Homogeneous

• Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)
• even distribution of components
• very small particles
• particles never settle
• Cant filter out particles
• EX saline solution,
• Cofffee w/ sugar

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Solutions

• In a solution you have a solute and a solvent
• Solvent - the liquid the
• substance dissolves in
• Ex water
• Solute - what dissolves
• Ex salt

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B. Heterogeneous

• Heterogeneous Mixture
• Materials are not evenly blended
• 2 types colloids and suspensions
• EX granite, pizza, dry soup mix

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a. Colloid

• Colloid
• medium-sized particles, cant see them
• particles never settle
• Tyndall effect - particles scatter light (looks
  cloudy)
• EX milk

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B. Suspension

• Suspension
• large particles
• particles scatter light
• particles will settle out (needs to be shaken)
• EX vinaigrette dressing,
• muddy water, anything you have to shake

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Tyndall Effect

• When light bends around particles in a mixture
• Used to tell is a mixture is homogeneous
  (solution) or heterogeneous (colloid or
  suspension)
• EX when sunlight comes
• through window

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A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
no
Can it be separated by physical means?
Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
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Law of Conservation of Mass

• Matter is neither created or destroyed in a
  chemical change
• The mass of all substances before the reaction
  mass after the reaction
• 2H2O2 2H2O O2