Lab Safety Classification of Matter

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Lab Safety Classification of Matter

• Lesson 1
• 2012

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Warning, Todays lesson is very long. This
should all be review...
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Lab Safety

• Locate all safety devices in the room
• Fire extinguisher
• Fire Blanket
• First Aid
• Eye wash
• Chemical spill clean up tools
• Broken glass disposal.
• Lab Coats
• Goggles

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Safe Lab Techniques

• When lighting a Bunsen Burner, ensure all long
  hair and loose clothing is out of the way
• When smelling a chemical waft it towards you. DO
  NOT SMELL it directly
• Put broken glass in the designated bin
• When something is spilled. Notify Mr. Linseman
  immediately
• If something breaks. Notify Mr. Linseman
  immediately

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Safe Lab Techniques

• Never eat or drink in the lab
• Wash hands after handling chemicals
• When performing a lab, always stay standing, do
  not sit down.
• Never leave a Bunsen burner unattended
• Always use appropriate equipment
• Always wear safety goggles
• Never wear open toed shoes in the lab

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WHMIS

• The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information
  System (WHMIS) is Canada's national hazard
  communication standard.
• The key elements of the system are cautionary
  labelling of containers of WHMIS "controlled
  products", the provision of material safety data
  sheets (MSDSs) and worker education programs

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS A COMPRESSED GAS
• This class includes compressed gases, dissolved
  gases, and gases liquefied by compression or
  refrigeration.

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS B FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
• This class includes solids, liquids, and gases
  capable of catching fire in the presence of a
  spark or open flame under normal working
  conditions.

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS C OXIDIZING MATERIAL
• These materials increase the risk of fire if they
  come in contact with flammable or combustible
  materials.

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS D POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS
  MATERIALDivision 1 Materials Causing Immediate
  and Serious Toxic Effects
• These materials can cause death or immediate
  injury when a person is exposed to small amounts.
  Examples sodium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS D POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS
  MATERIALDivision 2 Materials Causing Other
  Toxic EFFECTS
• These materials can cause life-threatening and
  serious long-term health problems as well as less
  severe but immediate reactions in a person who is
  repeatedly exposed to small amounts.

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS D POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS
  MATERIALDivision 3 Biohazardous Infectious
  MATERIAL
• These materials contain harmful micro-organisms
  that have been classified into Risk Groups 2, 3,
  and 4 as determined by the World Health
  Organization (WHO) or the Medical Research
  Council of Canada.

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS E CORROSIVE MATERIAL
• This class includes caustic and acid materials
  that can destroy the skin or eat through metals.
  Examples sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid,
  nitric acid

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WHMIS Symbols

• CLASS F DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE MATERIAL
• These products may self-react dangerously (for
  example, they may explode) upon standing or when
  exposed to physical shock or to increased
  pressure or temperature, or they emit toxic gases
  when exposed to water.

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Two Types of WHMIS Labels

• WHMIS labels include first aid information and
  details about storage, handling, and disposal.
  There are two types of WHMIS labels
• - Supplier labels
• - Workplace labels

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Supplier Labels

• Supplier labels are used by the people who make
  each chemical.
• Supplier labels have a strict format.
• Hashed marked identifier label
• Written in English and French
• Supplier Name
• Precautionary measures
• Risk Phrases
• First Aid Treatment
• Name of product
• Hazard Symbols
• Statement referring to MSDS

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Supplier Labels
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Workplace Labels

• After chemicals are rebottled, a workplace label
  my replace the Supplier label. Workplace labels
  are allowed to have different formats.
• A Workplace label contains less information than
  the Supplier label, but it still has enough
  information to help you use the chemical safely.

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Workplace Labels

• Requirements
• Product name
• Information for safe handling of the product
• Statement referring to MSDS
• WHMIS hazard symbols (optional)

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Household Chemicals

• Each chemical found in your home has a special
  purpose. The properties of the chemical determine
  what it will react with. In general we do not
  want products in our homes to react with each
  other.
• On the other hand there are products that we do
  want to react with other materials. These are
  normally cleaners that contain materials such as
  bleach and ammonia, which are very reactive
  chemicals

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Hazardous Household Product Symbols

• In order to notify users which chemicals are
  dangerous and in what ways they are dangerous we
  use Hazardous Household Product Symbols.
• The HHPS has four categories of Hazardous
  materials as well as three levels of severity.

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Hazardous Household Product Symbols
The HHPS has four categories of Hazardous
Chemicals The symbols are similar to that
of WHMIS with the exception of the Explosive
symbol.
 flammable  toxic  corrosive  explosive
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Hazardous Household Product Symbols

• The HHPS has three levels of severity
• Caution is the least sever of the three symbols,
  warning is more severe and danger is the most
  severe.

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The Classification of MatterUnit 2 - Chemistry

• Lesson 1
• February 24th, 2011

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Matter has many forms

• Matter anything that has mass and volume.
• Mass is a measure of the quantity of an object.
  (g, kg,)
• Volume is a measure of space taken up (mL, L)
• Matter can be found as a solid, liquid or gas.
  (or even a combination of these)

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Changes of State

• There are 3 states of matter
• Solid
• Liquid
• gas

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Terms for changes of state

• Melting Change from a solid to a liquid
• Evaporation - Change from a liquid to a gas
• Condensation - Change from a gas to a liquid
• Freezing - Change from a liquid to a solid
• Sublimation - Change from a solid to a gas
• Deposition - Change from a gas to a solid

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Terms for changes of state
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• The temperature at which a solid turns into a
  liquid is called the melting point. (water is
  0C) The reverse process, freezing, occurs at the
  freezing point.

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• the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas
  is called the boiling point. The boiling point is
  the same temperature as the condensing point, the
  temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid

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The Particle Theory of Matter (4 points)

• Way of describing matter.
• All matter is composed of very tiny objects
  called particles.
• Each Pure substance has its own kind of
  particles, different from the particles of other
  pure substances.

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The Particle Theory of Matter (4 points)

• 3. Particles present in matter are always in
  motion. They may be vibrating back and forth, as
  in a solid, or moving in all directions, as in a
  gas. In a liquid, particles stay close together
  but can slide past one another.
• 4. The particles in a substance attract each
  other. The amount of attraction is different for
  different kinds of particles. All particles have
  spaces between them.

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The Particle Theory of Matter (4 points)

• The distances between the particles change for
  different states of matter.

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Particles and Heat

• In ice, the particles of water vibrate in place
  but cannot move around. They attract each other
  strongly, forming a solid.
• As heat is added, the particles of water vibrate
  more quickly, which weakens the attraction
  between them, allowing them to slide past each
  other.

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• This allows water to flow as a liquid. When
  enough heat is added, the particles of water
  break free from each other and separate, forming
  a gas.

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Classifying Matter

• All matter is made up of different types or
  combinations of particles.
• Different types and combinations of particles
  give every type of matter particular
  characteristics, or properties.
• Characteristic that describes a substance.

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Classification Of Matter
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Pure Substances (2)

• A pure substance is made up of only one kind of
  matter
• unique set of properties
• colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting
  point.
• A pure substance is either an element (gold) or a
  compound (sugar).

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Element

• A pure substance that cannot be broken down into
  any simpler substance by chemical means.
• Each element has its own name and symbol.
  Example Gold (Au)

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Compound

• A pure substance that is made from two or more
  elements that are combined together chemically.
• Example, water (H2O) is a compound containing the
  elements hydrogen and oxygen.

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Mixtures (3)

• A mixture is a combination of pure substances.
• Each substance remains in its original, pure
  form, although each is not always easy to see
  distinctly once the mixture is made.

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Mechanical Mixture (heterogeneous mixture)

• Different substances that make up the mixture are
  visible
• Hetero different

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Suspension

• A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one
  substance are held within another.
• Can be separated out when the mixture is poured
  through filter paper.
• A suspension is also a heterogeneous mixture.

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Solution (homogeneous mixture)

• Different substances that make it up are not
  individually visible
• One substance is dissolved in another
• The prefix homo- means same, and all parts of a
  homogeneous mixture look the same.

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Quick Questions

• 1. How is a compound different from an element?
  Give an example of each.
• 2. What is the difference between a mixture and a
  pure substance?
• 3. How is a suspension different from a solution?
• 4. Classify each of the following as either a
  pure substance or a mixture.
• (a) Pop is composed of water, sugar, and carbon
  dioxide.
• (b) Carbon dioxide is composed of carbon and
  oxygen chemically
• combined.
• (c) Sand is composed of white grains and black
  grains.
• (d) The graphite at the centre of a pencil is
  composed of carbon.

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Questions hand in

• What are two features that all forms of matter
  have?
• Use the particle theory of matter to explain what
  makes a liquid different from a solid of the same
  substance.
• Compare the amount of space between particles of
  a gas with that of a liquid of the same
  substance.
• What is the effect of adding heat to the
  particles in a sample of matter?
• What is the difference between the melting of
  water and the melting point of water?
• Give two examples of pure substances that were
  not given in the lesson.

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• Give two examples of Mixtures that were not given
  in the lesson.
• What kind of mixture would apple juice is
  classified as? Explain how you know.
• What kind of mixture would a garden salad is
  classified as?
• How does a compound differ from an element?
• What does WHMIS stand for?
• What does HHPS stand for? It was in the lesson
  but is not in the note.