Jefferson

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Jeffersons Administration
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The Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800"
Why was this election revolutionary?
Swing state
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Election of 1800

• Democratic-Republican Party won, however
• Each Dem-Rep elector cast two votes
• one for Jefferson and one for Burr ? tied

• __________________________________
• Federalist lame-duck House from 1798
• Solved on 36th ballot when Federalists stopped
  supporting Burr and abstained
• Helped lead to _____ Amendment requiring
  separate ballots for POTUS and VP
• Jefferson called victory ? _______________

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The "Dead Clutch" of the Judiciary

• ______________________________
• passed by expiring Federalist Congress
• new Republican-Democratic Congress quickly
  repealed the act and kicked out the 16 newly
  seated judges
• _______________________________
• the Constitution was "the fundamental and
  paramount law of the nation" and that "an act of
  the legislature repugnant to the constitution is
  void."
• Power of _______________________
• Impeachment of Samuel Chase
• SCOTUS Justice the Democratic-Republican Congress
  tried to remove in retaliation for Marshall's
  decision regarding Marbury
• Was not removed due to a lack of votes in the
  Senate

5
Jeffersonians Take Control

• Jeffersons Views

6
Jefferson as President (1801-1809)

• Reverses of Federalist Policy

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Clemency Actions
Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 The President
shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy
of the United States, and of the Militia of the
several States, when called into the actual
Service of the United States he may require the
Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in
each of the executive Departments, upon any
subject relating to the Duties of their
respective Offices, and he shall have power to
Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against
the United States, except in Cases of
Impeachment.

• Washington ?16
• Adams ? 21
• Jefferson ? 119

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Jefferson as President (1801-1809)

• Continuation of Federalist Policy

9
Louisiana Purchase

• (Settlers west of Appalachians sent bulky
  agricultural products down Mississippi River
• Pinckney Treaty (1795), Spain allowed Americans
  the right of deposit at New Orleans)
• 1800 Napoleon gained LA from Spain
• 1802 suspended right of deposit
• Robert Livingston and James Monroe sent to France
  to negotiate for purchase of New Orleans
• Napoleon agreed to sell ALL the territory
• Needed money for war with Britain
• Could not defend the territory because of British
  navy
• abandoned plans for an American empire
• Mostly due to revolt led by Toussaint LOuverture
  on Hispaniola

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Louisiana Purchase

• Jefferson worried about constitutionality
• wanted an amendment
• Delay was warned would cause Napoleon to rescind
  his offer
• Jefferson used the power of the President to make
  treaties as his justification

Article II, Section 2. The President shall be
commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the
United States, and of the militia of the several
states, when called into the actual service of
the United States he may require the opinion, in
writing, of the principal officer in each of the
executive departments, upon any subject relating
to the duties of their respective offices, and he
shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons
for offenses against the United States, except in
cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
make treaties, provided two thirds of the
Senators present concur and he shall nominate,
and by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public
ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme
Court, and all other officers of the United
States, whose appointments are not herein
otherwise provided for, and which shall be
established by law but the Congress may by law
vest the appointment of such inferior officers,
as they think proper, in the President alone, in
the courts of law, or in the heads of
departments. The President shall have power to
fill up all vacancies that may happen during the
recess of the Senate, by granting commissions
which shall expire at the end of their next
session.
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(No Transcript)
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The Aaron Burr Conspiracies

• Aaron Burr- Jefferson's first-term vice president
• after being dropped from Jefferson's cabinet, he
  joined a group of extremist Federalists who
  plotted the secession of New England and New York
• Alexander Hamilton uncovered the plot
• Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and Hamilton
  accepted
• Hamilton refused to shoot and he was shot and
  killed by Burr
• General James Wilkinson-
• corrupt military governor of Louisiana Territory
• made an allegiance with Burr to separate the
  western part of the United States from the East
  and expand their new confederacy with invasions
  of Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida
• betrayed Burr when he learned that Jefferson knew
  of the plot
• Burr was acquitted of the charges of treason by
  James Madison and he fled to Europe     

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The Election of 1804Candidate Party ElectoralVote PopularVote
Thomas Jefferson (VA)George Clinton (NY) Democratic-Republican 162
C.C. Pinckney (SC)Rufus King (NY) Federalist 14
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Neutral America

• Jefferson was reelected in 1804
• England was the power of the seas, and France had
  the power of land
• England issued a series of Orders in Council in
  1806
• Closed European ports under Fr control to foreign
  shipping
• Fr ordered the seizure of all merchant ships that
  entered Br ports

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Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior

• Jefferson preferred to make the military smaller
• Jefferson was forced to bend his thoughts of not
  using military force when the leader of Tripoli
  informally declared war on the United States
• Jefferson sent the new navy to Tripoli and after
  4 years of fighting, a deal was reached
• U.S. paid Tripoli 60,000 for the release of
  captured Americans