The Jefferson Era

1
The Jefferson Era

• AP US History
• Lecture

2
People Involved

• John Marshall Supreme Court Chief Justice
• William Marbury Judge assigned by Pres. John
  Adams. Was an obscure Federalist.
• James Madison Jeffersons Secretary of State

3
Situation

• Marbury was appointed as Justice of the Peace in
  D.C. by Pres. Adams in the last few hours before
  his presidency ended. However, Marburys
  commission was not delivered by midnight.
• When Jefferson became President, he ordered
  Madison, his Secretary of State, to withhold
  Marburys papers, along with three other judges.
  Marbury sued to have Madison deliver the papers.

4
Major Question(s)

• Was the Judiciary Act of 1789 and 1801 legal?
• Reduced of Supreme Court Justices from 6 to 5.
• Created 16 new federal judgeships, which Adams
  filled with last minute midnight judges who
  were all Federalists
• Can Congress change the power of the Supreme
  Court?
• Did Marbury have a right to sue?

5
Ruling

• Ruled that the Court had the power to declare
  laws unconstitutional.
• Ruled that Marbury had a right to his commission
  according to the Judiciary Act of 1789
• BUT, that the Judiciary Act was not
  constitutional. Therefore, Marbury could not be
  given his commission.

6
Implications of Marbury v. Madison

• For the first time, the Supreme Court stated in
  its decision that they had the right to review
  other branches of government.
• This is known as JUDICIAL REVIEW a basic part
  of checks and balances.

7
The Louisiana Purchase

1. 1800 map (page GML 293)
2. 1802
3. US Reaction
4. Napoleon

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Lewis and Clark Expedition

• The land
• Jefferson goal
• Expedition Leaders