Arctic/Sub-Arctic Native Americans

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Arctic/Sub-Arctic Native Americans

• By Zachary Marine, JD Moore, and Kiara Kilgo

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Names of the Tribes

• The tribes are
• Inuit
• Eskimo
• Athapascans
• Algonquians

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Clothing

• Clothes mostly made of animal skin and fur
• Fur from caribou, dog, squirrel, marmot, fox,
  wolf, polar bear, bird skin, feathers, and
  sealskin.

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Environment

• Arctic- Cold and unforgiving with long winters.
• Sub-Arctic- Cold climate with mountains, plains,
  and deciduous forests. Soil is poor and swampy.
  Winters are harsh, people and animals used the
  forest for cover and snow for shelter.

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Adaptations

• To adapt to their environment the
  Arctic/Sub-Arctic Native Americans used fur and
  skin off of the animals they hunt which are
  suited for the environment for clothes and to
  cover their homes. They used snow to build
  igloos. They used the forests as cover and the
  snow as shelter.

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Beliefs/Religion

• Belive in animism- all living and non-living
  things have a spirit (people, animals, inanimate
  objects, and forces of nature). The only people
  powerful enough to control the spirits were
  powerful religious leaders called shamans who
  used charms and dances to communicate with the
  spirits.

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Housing

• Arctic- Summer- Tents made of a driftwood or pole
  frame and covered with walrus, seal, or caribou
  skin.
• Winter- Huts or houses made of stone with a
  driftwood or whale bone frame, chinked and
  covered with moss and sod, or they may live in
  igloos.
• Sub-Arctic- Tipis, double lean-tos, lean-tos,
  wigwams, and pit houses are used as shelters.

8
Food

• People in the Arctic/Sub-Arctic hunt, fish, and
  gather wild plants. They eat fish eggs, seafood,
  moose, caribou,hare, muskoxen, bear, elk,
  waterfowl, and bison . They also eat tripe,
  dandelions, moss, marigold, and berries.

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Transportation

• Kayak- A light seaworthy canoe like hunting boat
  was a wood frame covered with sealskin except for
  a round center opening where the single occupant
  sits. In Greenland and Alaska the skin around the
  hole can be laced tightly around the occupant,
  making the kayak watertight.
• Umiak- A larger boat 9 meters long and 2.4 meters
  wide made of a wooden frame covered with walrus
  skins, used for whaling expeditions and transport
  families and goods.
• Dogsled- A sled drawn by native dogs for the
  purpose of driving iron runners largely
  supplanted ivory and whalebone runners.

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• www.firstpeoplesofcanada.com
• www.american-indians.net
• www.windows2universe.org