Canada

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Canada
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(No Transcript)
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• Vast Lands
• Canada second largest country in the world by
  area U.S. third
• Together they cover one-eighth of the earths
  land surface

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• Three major groups in Canadathe native peoples,
  the French, and the Englishhave melded into a
  diverse and economically strong nation.
• French and British settlement greatly influenced
  Canadas political development.
• Canadas size and climate affected economic
  growth and population distribution.

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The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry

• After the Ice Age, migrants crossed an Arctic
  land bridge from Asia to North America
• These were the ancestors of the Arctic Inuit
  (Eskimos) and the North American Indians
• Vikings founded Vinland (Newfoundland) about A.D.
  1000 but later abandoned it.

http//wearecanadians.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/the
-inuit-people-of-canada/
http//www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrado
r/story/2010/07/21/viking-discovery-lanse-aux-mead
ows.html
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Colonization by France and Britain

• French explorers claimed much of Canada in
  15001600s as New France
• British settlers colonized the Atlantic Coast
• Coastal fisheries and inland fur trades were
  important to both countries
• Britain won the French and Indian War
  (17541763) but, the French settlers stayed

http//www.google.com/imgres?qnewfrancemap1600
sum1hlentbmischtbnid6PTW2i87bQx9GMimgref
url
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Establishing the Dominion of Canada

• In 1791 Britain created two political units
  called provinces
• Upper Canada (later, Ontario) English-speaking
  people, mostly Protestant
• Lower Canada (Quebec) French-speaking people,
  mostly Roman Catholic
• Ruperts Land a northern area owned by a
  fur-trading company

• As immigrants arrived, large cities developed,
  like Quebec City,
• Montreal, and Toronto
• railways, and canals were built as explorers
  looked for better
• fur-trading paths

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• Political and ethnic disputes led to Britains
  1867 North America Act
• created Dominion of Canada as a loose
  confederation (political union)
• Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
  made up the new confederation
• It was a self-governed part of British Empire
• Later Expansion included
• Ruperts Land, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince
  Edward Island
• Later Yukon Territory, Alberta, Saskatchewan
• Newfoundland in 1949
•  

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http//www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/roc/021018-1500
-e.html
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From the Atlantic to the Pacific

• In 1885 a transcontinental railroad goes from
  Montreal to Vancouver
• European immigrants arrived and Yukon gold brings
  fortune hunters
• copper, zinc, silver also found
• Miners created towns and railroads

http//trailblazer-guides.com/book/trans-canada-ra
il-guide
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Urban and Industrial Growth

• Farming gave way to urban industrialization, and
  manufacturing.
• Both industries are mostly within 100 miles of
  U.S. border due to climate, land, transportation
• Canada became a major economic power in 20th
  century

http//www.trailcanada.com/destinations/cities/
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Governing Canada

• In 1931 Canada became independent, but the
  British monarch is still the symbolic head of the
  government.
• Parliamentary government
• parliamentlegislature combining legislative and
  executive functions
• consists of an appointed Senate, elected House of
  Commons
• - prime minister, head of government, is
  majority party leader
•  
• All ten provinces have own legislature and
  premier (prime minister)
• federal government administers the territories

http//www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAmericas/Co
loniesBritish.htm
Stephen Harper is the current Prime Minister of
Canada.
http//www.topnews.in/law/people/stephenharper?pag
e2
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Economy of Canada

• Canada is highly industrialized and urbanized.
• One of the worlds most developed economies.

Winnipeg
http//www.traveltocanadanow.com/winnipeg.htm
Toronto
Vancouver
http//www.geostoronto.com/about_city
http//www.wayfaring.info/2008/12/08/vancouver-oly
mpics-games-2010/
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The Early Fur Trade

• Beginning in 1500s Native Americans, now known as
  the First Nations began trading with European
  fishermen along Atlantic coast
• French and English trappers and traders expanded
  westward!
• VoyageursFrench-Canadian boatmen transporting
  pelts
• to trading posts

http//www.nps.gov/voya/historyculture/the-fur-tra
de.htm
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Canadas Primary Industries

• Farming, logging, mining, fishing 10 of gross
  domestic product
• Canada is the worlds leading exporter of forest
  products
• Mining uranium, zinc, gold, and silver are
  exported
• Fishing domestic consumption is low, so most of
  catch is exported

http//www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2010/05/17/f
orest-agreement.html
http//www.gildedlife.com/2010/08/canadian-gold-ma
ple-leaf-coins/
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The Manufacturing Sector

• 15 of Canadians work in manufacturing, create
  1/5 of GDP
• make cars, steel, appliances, equipment
  (high-tech, mining)
• centered in heartland, from Quebec City, Quebec,
  to Windsor, Ontario

http//www.canada.com/business/fp/ConferenceBoard
gloomyprofitoutlook/5261819/story.html
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Service Industries Drive the Economy

• Most Canadians work in service industries, which
  create 60 of GDP
• finance, utilities, trade, transportation,
  communication, insurance
• The lands natural beauty makes tourism the
  fastest growing service
• Heavy trade with U.S. same language, open border
  (worlds longest border)
• 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  with U.S., Mexico
• 85 of Canadian exports go to U.S.
• 75 of Canadas imports come from U.S.

http//www.canadaupdates.com/content/canadian-tour
ism-commission-gears-attract-tourists
http//www.directoryofschools.com/Canadian-Tourism
-College/Travel-Agent-Training.htm
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A Land of Many Cultures

• Languages and Religions
• Mixing of French and native peoples created Métis
  culture
• Bilingual English is most common, except in
  French-speaking Quebec
• English Protestants and French Catholics
  dominate, but often clash
• Currently, there are increasing numbers of
  Muslims, Jews, and other groups.

Bonjour!
Hello!
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Canadas Population

• Densest in port cities (Montreal, Toronto,
  Vancouver) and farmlands
• Environment keeps 80 of people on 10 of land
  (near U.S. border)
• Urbanization in 1900 33 of people lived in
  cities, today its 80
• Various ethnic groups cluster in certain areas
• 75 of French Canadians live in Quebec
• many native peoples live on reservespublic land
  set aside for them
• most Inuits live in the remote Arctic north
• many Canadians of Asian ancestry live on West
  Coast

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https//travelcanada.wikispaces.com/PopulationMap
ofCanada
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Life in Canada Today Employment and Education

• Relatively high standard of living, well-educated
  population
• Labor force is 55 men, 45 women
• 75 in service industries, 15 in manufacturing
• Oldest university, Laval, established in 1663 in
  Quebec by the French
• English universities founded in Nova Scotia, New
  Brunswick in 1780s
• Today, Canada has a 97 literacy rate
•  

http//www.damas.ift.ulaval.ca/beaumont/aboutLava
l.html
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Sports and Recreation

• Popular sports skating, ice hockey, fishing,
  skiing, golf, hunting
• Canada has own football league other pro teams
  play in U.S. leagues
• native peoples developed lacrosse, European
  settlers developed hockey
• Annual festivals include Quebec Winter Carnival,
  Calgary Stampede

http//www.buckinghampalacenews.com/wp/prince-will
iam-kate-canada-details/474
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The Arts

• Earliest literature from oral traditions of First
  Nations peoples
• Later writings from settlers, missionaries,
  explorers
• Early visual arts seen in Inuit carving, West
  Coast totem poles

http//www.tourismvancouver.com/visitors/things_to
_do/first_nations_art
http//www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/eskimo.htm
l
http//www.inuit.com/?p2/modules/xgalleries/showg
allery.jspcurAlbId48
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Sub-regions of Canada

• Canada is divided into four sub-regions the
  Atlantic Provinces, Core Provinces, Prairie
  Provinces, and the Pacific Province and the
  Territories.
• Each sub-region possesses unique natural
  resources, landforms, economic
• activities, and cultural life.

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The Atlantic Provinces

• Harsh Lands and Small Populations
• Eastern Canadas Atlantic Provinces Prince
  Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and
  Newfoundland.
• This area only has 8 of Canadas population, due
  to rugged terrain, and harsh weather
• Most people live in coastal cities such as
  Halifax, Nova Scotia and St. John, New Brunswick.
• 85 of Nova Scotia is rocky hills,
• and has poor soil
• 90 of New Brunswick is
• forested
• Newfoundland has severe
• storms

http//golf-for-beginners.blogspot.com/2010/08/gol
f-in-coastal-provinces-of-atlantic.html
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• Economic Activities of Atlantic
• New Brunswicks largest industry logging
  (lumber, wood pulp, paper)
• Gulf of St. Lawrence, coastal waters supply
  seafood for export
• Nova Scotia logging, fishing, shipbuilding,
  trade through Halifax
• Newfoundland fishing, mining, logging,
  hydro-electric power
• Supplies power to Quebec, and parts of
  northeastern U.S.

Provinces
http//www.perkins-sabre.com/News/Sab-2-066.cfm
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The Core ProvincesQuebec and Ontario

• The Heartland of Canada
• Quebec City French explorer Samuel de Champlain
  built fort in 1608
• 60 Canadas population live in Core Provinces
  Ontario and Quebec
• Ontario has largest population
• Quebec has largest land area

http//www.laurieroptical.com/fr/locations.php
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Canadas Political and Economic Center

• Ottawa, Ontario is the national capital
• Quebec has great political importance in
  French-Canadian life
• Core 35 of Canadas crops, 45 of minerals, 70
  of manufacturing
• Toronto the largest city, finance hub Montreal
  second largest city

http//m.world-guides.com/ottawa/
The Rideau Canal in Ottawa freezes during the
winter, and is used for ice skating!
http//www.planetware.com/picture/ottawa-rideau-ca
nal-cdn-cdn1048.htm
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The Prairie Provinces

• Canadas Breadbasket
• Great Plains Prairie Provinces Manitoba,
  Saskatchewan, Alberta
• 50 of Canadas agricultural production, 60 of
  mineral output
• Alberta has coal, oil deposits produces 90 of
  Canadas natural gas

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• A Cultural Mix
• Manitoba Scots-Irish, Germans, Scandinavians,
  Ukrainians, Poles
• Saskatchewans population includes Asian
  immigrants, Métis
• Albertas diversity includes Indian, Japanese,
  Lebanese, Vietnamese

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The Pacific Province and the Territories

• British Columbiawesternmost province, mostly in
  Rocky Mountains
• 1/2 is forests 1/3 is frozen tundra, snowfields,
  glaciers
• Most people live in southwest major cities are
  Victoria, Vancouver
• Economy built on logging, mining, hydroelectric
  power
• Vancouver is Canadas largest port, has
  prosperous shipping trade

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The Pacific Territories

• The three northern territories account for 41 of
  Canadas land
• Sparsely populated due to rugged land and severe
  climate
• Yukon has population of 30,000 but it is mostly
  wilderness
• Northwest Territories has population of 41,000
  extends into Arctic
• Nunavut was created from Northwest Territories in
  1999 home to Inuit
• Territories economies include mining, fishing,
  some logging