THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS

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THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS
Instructor Carol Jean Cox
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THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS

• Discovery of the New World
• Europe In Transition
• The First Americans
• Exploration Conquest or Invasion Genocide

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Origins
• Food Shelter
• Skills Technology
• Religion
• Geographic Regions

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Origins
• Asian nomads from Mongolia
• Blood DNA similarities of North American
  Asians
• Evolution of teeth structures
• Archeological Sites
• Radio carbon dating of stone tools
• Yukon blue fish caves
• Pennsylvania Meadow craft 16000 bp
• Clovis Period 13,000-12800 bp
• Monteverde, Chile 13000 bp
• Pedraferata, Brazil 48,000 bp

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Diversity Isolation
• Isolation caused a diversity of cultures
  languages
• 15 million inhabitants
• Two million today
• 1-2000 languages in all of the Americas
• 600 languages in North America
• Video In Search of the First Americans

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Called Indians by Columbus
• Geographic error
• Label of all peoples as one
• Food Shelter
• hunter-gatherers (nomadic sedentary
• Teepees, caves
• Farming irrigation (sedentary)
• wood homes, adobe
• Fermented wines beers

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Skills Technology
• Primitive tools skills
• Reed grass baskets
• Bows arrows, harpoons
• Hunting related skills (running, stalking)
• 200 drugs medicines

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Writing system (Olmecs Mayans)
• Carved records in stone on cactus fiber
• (most destroyed in 1500s by Spanish)
• Architecture
• Mayans built over 40 cities in Meso-America
• Populations up to 20,000 each
• Olmec, Mayan, Inca, Azec cultures
• Pyramids, temples, aqueducts

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Skills Technology
• Tools skills
• Medicines
• Writing
• Architecture
• Religion
• Animistic worship of spirits in the natural
  environment
• gods demanding human blood sacrifices
• Some peaceful some warlike

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Geographic Regions
• Coastal pacific Western Tribes
• Coastal habitation
• Totem poles landmarks of stories
• Descendants of animals man
• Redwood homes dug-out canoes
• Inland forests Sub Arctic
• Movement by the water
• Birch houses canoes cooking utensils
• Caribou/elk/otter/mink/beaver/maple sap

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Geographic Regions
• Eastern Woodlands
• Matrilineal heritage
• Women choose tribal chiefs
• Gender Specialized tasks
• Women grew beans/corns
• Children keep birds away men-hunter/warriors
• Men hunter/warriors
• Shells/pearls/birch houses

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Geographic Regions
• Plains Indians
• Nomadic
• Teepees as moveable homes
• Grasses for baskets, hides for clothing homes
  blankets
• Hunter Gatherers
• Buffalo the main stay of their diet
• After the arrival of the Europeans, horses were
  used for hunting and transporting

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THE FIRST AMERICANS

• Origins
• Food Shelter
• Skills Technology
• Religion
• Geographic Regions

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THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS

• Discovery of the New World
• Europe In Transition
• The First Americans
• Exploration Conquest or Invasion Genocide

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THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS

• Exploration Conquest

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The First Explorers
• Eskimos Aleuts (Native Americans)
• Japanese Chinese Fishermen
• West Africans (Olmec Legend)
• European Vikings
• Thorfinn Karlsefni mapped part of North
  American coast
• Tried to settle Newfoundland

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The European Explorers / 15 16th centuries
• Portugal the African Coast Route
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• 30 voyages along the African Coast
• Bartholomeu Dias Cape Good Hope 1488
• Vasco De Gama Calicut, India 1498
• Pedro Cabal East South America 1500
• The Brazilian Mistake
• Colonies in West Africa, the Persian Gulf, Macao,
  and Brazil

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The European Explorers / 15 16th centuries
• Spain Colonization of the Americas
• Columbus and the route west 1492
• An Italian sailing for Spain
• Isabella invested 14,000
• Plan to reach Indies by sailing west
• Japan only 2,500 west of Canary Islands
• Four trips to Americas
• Died believing he had landed in Asia

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The European Explorers /15 16th centuries
• Spain Colonization of the Americas
• Columbus - the route west 1492
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa Panama 1513
• Ponce de Leon Florida 1513
• Ferdinand Magellan World 1519-1522
• Hernando De Soto - southeast interior 1539-1542
• Coronado - southwest
• Cortez Aztec city of Tenochtitlan 1519
• Pizarro Incas of South America

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The European Explorers /15 16th centuries
• English Colonies of the East Coast of North
  America, India, S.E. Asia, E. Asia Coast
  Oceania, the Middle East
• THE BRITISH EMPIRE

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• The European Explorers of the 15 16th
  centuries
• Dutch Colonization of the East Indies
  (Indonesia) and southern Pacific (New Zealand)
• Abel Tasman
• France Colonization in North America
• St. Lawrence Seaway New Orleans
• Russia - Exploration of the Pacific North West
• Sitka Fur Trapping
• Bodega Bay/Fort Ross
• English Colonies of the East Coast of North
  America, India, S.E. Asia, E. Asia Coast
  Oceania, the Middle East

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• Motivational Factors for European Exploration
• 1. Improvement of quality of life
• Precious stones metals, silks, crafts, spices,
  drugs
• Marco Polo and Crusaders introduced Europeans to
  new lifestyles and created demand for goods from
  the East

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• Motivational Factors European Exploration in the
  Americas
• 2. Establishment of new trade routes and national
  claims of territories
• Existing routes were expensive and dangerous due
  to pirates wars
• Monopolized by Italian merchants who functioned
  as middlemen in trade between Europe Asia

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• Motivational Factors European Exploration in the
  Americas
• 3. Spread Christianity
• 4. Control Profit
• New Territories mean greater wealth
• Bypassing middlemen would bring greater wealth to
  a country and to the discoverer of a new route to
  the East

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EXPLORATION CONQUEST

• Motivational Factors for 15th 16th century
  European Exploration
• Spread Christianity
• Establishment of trade routes and national claims
  to land
• Sea routes through Indian Oceans Persian Gulf
• Overland routes through Middle Est (Levant) to
  Asia

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THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS

• Discovery of the New World
• Europe In Transition
• The First Americans
• Exploration Conquest or Invasion Genocide

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THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS
Instructor Carol Jean Cox