Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840-1861)

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Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840-1861)

• Section 2 A Nation Dividing

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Section 2-Polling Question
If you disagree with a law, do you have the right
not to obey it? A. Yes, always B. No,
never C. Only under certain circumstances

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Essential Question
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in
Kansas?
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The Fugitive Slave Act

• As part of the Compromise of 1850, Senator Henry
  Clay convinced Congress to pass the Fugitive
  Slave Law
• This was to pacify slaveholders
• This required all citizens to help catch runaway
  slaves
• Anyone who aided a fugitive could be fined or
  imprisoned
• Southerners believed the law would force
  Northerners to recognize the rights of
  Southerners
• Instead, the enforcement of the law convinced
  more people of the evils of slavery

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Section 2
What resulted from the Fugitive Slave
Act? A. Passage of the law quieted widespread
violence in Kansas and Nebraska. B. Most
Northerners believed Southern slaveholders
rights should be upheld. C. Abolitionists were
jailed in the North. D. The law angered the
North, convincing many of the evils of slavery.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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The Fugitive Slave Act Continued

• After the passage, slaveholders stepped up their
  efforts to catch runaways
• Even tried to catch runaways who lived in freedom
  in the North for years
• Sometimes they forced African Americans who were
  not trying to escape into slavery
• Some Northerners refused to cooperate with the
  law
• They justified it on moral grounds
• 1849 Henry David Thoreau wrote Civil
  Disobedience
• If the law requires you to be the agent of
  injustice to another, then I say, break the law

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Helping Runaway Slaves

• The Underground Railroad- A network of free
  African Americans and whites helped runaways to
  freedom
• Antislavery groups tried to rescue African
  Americans being chased and tried to free those
  that were captured
• In Boston, an antislavery group shouted Slave
  hunters- there go the slave hunters
• People put their money together to buy slaves
  freedom
• Northern juries refused to convict those accused
  of violating the Fugitive Slave Act

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• President Franklin Pierce intended to enforce the
  Fugitive Slave Act
• 1854- Illinois senator Stephan A. Douglas
  introduced a bill in Congress
• Douglas proposed organizing the region west of
  Missouri and Iowa as the territories of Kansas
  and Nebraska
• Because of their location, they both seemed
  likely to be Free states
• Both were north of 3630' north (Missouri
  Compromise)
• Douglas knew the South would object because it
  would give the free states more votes in the
  Senate
• Douglas called for eliminating the Missouri
  Compromise and for popular sovereignty (allow the
  people to decide)

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Kansas-Nebraska Map
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Passage of the Act

• Northerners protested
• This plan would allow slavery into areas that had
  been free for more than 30 years
• Southerners supported the bill
• Southerners expected Kansas to be settled mostly
  by slaveholders from Missouri who would vote to
  keep slavery legal
• Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854

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Conflict in Kansas

• When the law passed, pro-slavery and antislavery
  groups rushed into Kansas
• When elections took place, a pro-slavery
  legislature was elected
• Only 1,500 voters lived in Kansas at the time
• But there were more than 6,000 ballots cast
• 1,000s of pro-slavery supporters from Missouri
  crossed the border just to vote in the election
• These Missourians traveled in armed groups and
  became known as border ruffians

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Conflict in Kansas Continued

• The new Kansas legislature passed laws supporting
  slavery
• One law even restricted political office to
  pro-slavery candidates
• The antislavery people refused to accept these
  laws
• They armed themselves, held their own elections,
  and adopted their own constitution that banned
  slavery
• By 1856- Rival governments existed in Kansas
• One for slavery and one against slavery

The city of Topeka, shown here on a panoramic map
from 1869, housed the Free Soil Kansas
legislature.
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Pro-slavery Attacks

• Both sides were armed and violence was inevitable
• May 1856- 800 slavery supporters attacked
  Lawrence, a stronghold of antislavery settlers
• The attackers burned the Free State Hotel and
  destroyed two newspaper offices and many homes
• Anti Slavery force retaliated

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Antislavery Attacks

• Abolitionist John Brown (from Hudson, Ohio)
  believed God chose him to end slavery
• Brown heard of the attack on Lawrence and vowed
  to strike terror in the hearts of the
  pro-slavery people
• Brown led a group and killed 5 supporters of
  slavery
• Armed bands soon roamed the territory

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Bleeding Kansas

• Newspapers referred to Bleeding Kansas and the
  Civil War in Kansas
• In October 1856, the territorial governor sent
  federal troops to stop the bloodshed
• Violence also broke out in Congress
• Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner lashed out
  against pro-slavery forces in Kansas, such as
  Andrew P. Butler from South Carolina
• 2 days later, Butlers cousin, Representative
  Preston Brooks, walked into the Senate and hit
  Sumner with a cane
• Sumner fell unconscious and bleeding

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Section 2
What was the main cause of the Civil War in
Kansas? A. Dual governments set up by pro- and
antislavery groups B. Passage of the Fugitive
Slave Act C. John Browns attack on
Pottawatomie Creek D. Invasion of Kansas by
border ruffians

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Essential Question
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in
Kansas? -Outsiders corrupted the election, and
fighting broke out over the results
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Enforcement of the Fugitive Act led to

1. compromise.
2. more anger in the North.
3. recognition of Southerners' rights.
4. an end to the struggle.

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Stephen A. Douglas proposed letting the people
decide about slavery through

1. popular sovereignty.
2. states' choice.
3. free choice.
4. people's choice.

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Missourians who traveled in armed groups to cross
the border and vote in elections became known as

1. border ruffians.
2. border voters.
3. border patrol.
4. Missouri voters.

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The law that required all citizens to help catch
runaway enslaved people was the

1. Removal Act.
2. Fugitive Slave Act.
3. Runaway Act.
4. Slave Owners Act.

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What did Senator Stephen A. Douglas propose
should be replaced by popular sovereignty?

1. MissouriMaine Act
2. TexasMaine Act
3. KansasNebraska Act
4. Missouri Compromise

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According to the __________, a person could be
fined or imprisoned for aiding fugitives.

1. Southern Slave Act
2. Owners-Right Act
3. Fugitive Slave Act
4. Runaway Slave Act

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A war between citizens of the same country is
called

1. a cold war.
2. an undeclared war.
3. a civil war.
4. a country war.

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Who vowed to strike terror in the hearts of
pro-slavery people?

1. Andrew P. Butler
2. Preston Brooks
3. Charles Sumner
4. John Brown

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Rival proslavery and antislavery governments
existed in

1. Missouri.
2. California.
3. Texas.
4. Kansas.

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What was the first territory to shed blood in a
civil war over slavery?

1. Texas
2. Kansas
3. Missouri
4. South Carolina