Chapter 15 Toward the Civil War (1840-1861)

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Chapter 15 Toward the Civil War (1840-1861)

• Section 1 Slavery and the West

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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Section 1-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
It is better to compromise to get something
accomplished than to stand 100 firm on what you
believe. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat
agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Essential Question
Did the compromises that Congress made
effectively address slavery and sectionalism?
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Missouri

• 1819- Missouri applied for statehood
• Slavery was legal in Missouri
• This sparked an angry debate in Congress
• There were 22 states in the Union
• 11 slave states/ 11 free states
• Each state got two votes (Senate)
• Adding another state would tip the balance
  between slave states and free states

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North and South

• The North and South had different economies and
  were competing for new land in the West
• At the same time, many Northerners wanted to
  restrict or ban slavery
• Southerners opposed these antislavery efforts
  (even those that disliked slavery)
• Southerners resented the interference by
  outsiders in Southerners affairs
• This grew into sectionalism between the North and
  South

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What to do with Missouri

• Senate suggested allowing Missouri join as a
  slave state and Maine join as a free state
• The Senate wanted to settle the issue of slavery
  in the territories for good
• Senate proposed banning slavery in the rest of
  the Louisiana Purchase north of 3630' N latitude
• Speaker of the House Henry Clay guided the bill
  through the House of Representatives (passed by a
  close vote)
• Maine was the 23rd state and Missouri was 24th
• The Missouri Compromise preserved the balance
  between slave and free states
• This was a temporary solution in the debate over
  slavery

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Section 1
Who drafted the Missouri Compromise? A. Henry
Clay B. James Monroe C. James Polk D. Thomas
Jefferson

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Slavery

• The debate over slavery erupted again in the
  1840s
• Texas was added and slavery was already legal
  there
• Texas Annexation was the main issue in the
  presidential election of 1844
• Texas became a state in 1845
• Shortly after the Mexican War began,
  Representative David Wilmost from Pennsylvania
  introduced a proposal
• The Wilmot Proviso would ban slavery in any lands
  the US would get from Mexico

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Section 1
Which of the following was a proposal to ban
slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico? A. The
Compromise of 1850 B. The Wilmot Proviso C. The
Missouri Compromise D. The Freeport Doctrine

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Southerners Response

• Southerners protested the Wilmot Proviso
• Southerners felt this endangered slavery
  everywhere
• They wanted New Mexico and California open to
  slavery
• John C. Calhoun (SC) countered with another
  proposal
• It said that neither Congress nor any territory
  had the authority to ban slavery from a territory
  or regulate it
• Neither proposal passed, but caused bitter debate
• By the next election, the US gained New Mexico
  and California, but took no action on slavery

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Election of 1848

• 1848- The Whigs selected Zachary Taylor as their
  candidate
• Taylor was a Southerner and a hero of the Mexican
  War
• The Democrats chose Senator Lewis Cass of
  Michigan
• Both candidates ignored the issue of slavery
• The failure to take a stand angered voters

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Election of 1848 Continued

• Many opponents of slavery left their parties and
  formed the Free-Soil Party
• Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free
  Men
• The Free-Soil Party chose former president Van
  Buren as their candidate
• Taylor won, but the Free-Soil Party gained
  several seats in Congress

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Issues in the US

• California applied for statehood in 1849 (After
  the Gold Rush)
• Meanwhile, antislavery forces wanted to ban
  slavery in Washington, D.C.
• Southerners also wanted a national law that
  required states to return fugitive enslaved
  people
• The key issue was the balance of power in the
  Senate (30 states 15/15)
• Southerners talked about seceding from the Union

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Compromising

• 1850- Senator Henry Clay proposed that California
  enter as a free state
• The rest of the new territories would have no
  limits on slavery
• The slave trade (Not slavery itself) would be
  banned in Washington D.C.
• Clay also pushed for a stronger fugitive slave
  law
• Senator John C. Calhoun opposed the plan
• Calhoun felt that the Union could be saved only
  by protecting slavery
• Senator Webster supported the plan
• Webster said that slavery had little chance in
  the new territories because the land was not
  suited for plantations

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The Compromise of 1850

• President Taylor was an opponent of Clays plan
• But Taylor died unexpectedly and Millard Fillmore
  took over as president
• Fillmore favored the compromise
• To end the crisis, Illinois Senator Stephen A.
  Douglas divided Clays plan into 4 parts Each
  part would be voted on separately
• Fillmore had several Whigs abstain on parts they
  opposed
• The 5 parts passed and became known as the
  Compromise of 1850

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The Parts of the Compromise of 1850

1. California would be admitted as a free state.
2. The new Mexico territory would have no
   restrictions on slavery.
3. The new Mexico-Texas border dispute would be
   settled in favor of new Mexico.
4. The slave trade but not slavery it self would be
   abolished in the district of Colombia.
5. Stronger fugitive state law.

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Essential Question

• Did the compromises that Congress made
  effectively address slavery and sectionalism?
• -Compromises dealt primarily with immediate
  issues
• Admittance of new states
• Maintaining balance in Congress
• The compromises did not address slavery at the
  national level

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Chapter 15 Section 1 Quiz
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By admitting a free state and Missouri, a
slaveholding state, to the Union at the same
time, the Senate could remain balanced.

1. True
2. False

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The Wilmot Proviso allowed California to enter
the Union as a free state.

1. True
2. False

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John C. Calhoun countered David Wilmot's proposal.

1. True
2. False

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Zachary Taylor adopted a proslavery platform for
the 1848 presidential election.

1. True
2. False

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President Fillmore was in favor of the Compromise
of 1850.

1. True
2. False

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An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of
the country is called

1. abolitionism.
2. fugitive slave law.
3. Free-Soil Party.
4. sectionalism.

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The plan that preserved the balance between slave
and free states in the Senate was the

1. North-South Compromise.
2. Missouri Compromise.
3. Maine Compromise.
4. Slavery Compromise.

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The main issue in the presidential election of
1844 was the

1. annexation of Texas.
2. annexation of Maine.
3. annexation of New Mexico.
4. annexation of Missouri.

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Who proposed that neither Congress nor local
governments had the authority to ban slavery from
a territory?

1. Daniel Webster
2. John C. Calhoun
3. Henry Clay
4. Zachary Taylor

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President Millard Fillmore persuaded several Whig
representatives to not cast votes, or to

1. secede.
2. become a fugitive.
3. abstain.
4. increase sectionalism.

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