The War Between The States

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The War Between The States

• A Timeline of the Civil War

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1860

• Dec. 20, 1860 So. Car. secedes after the
  election of Lincoln
• Followed by Miss, Fla, Ala, GA, LA, and TX

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1861

• Feb. 9 Confederate States of America formed
• Jefferson Davis President
• April 12 Fort Sumter (S.C.) attacked by Confed.
  forces
• Civil War begins

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1861

• April 15 Lincoln calls for 75K volunteers for
  the Union army
• Command of Army offered to Robert E. Lee of VA.
  He refuses
• April 17 VA, AR, TN, NC join the Confederacy

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1861

• April 19 Lincoln begins naval blockade of
  Confederate states
• April 20 Lee resigns from U.S. army takes
  command of Confed. Forces in VA

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1861

• July 21 Union forces under Irwin McDowell
  defeated at Bull Run (Manassas) Conf. General
  Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson a hero of the
  battle.
• Union troops spectators flee back to Washington
  D.C.

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1861

• July 27 Gen. George B. McClellan given command
  of Union Army of the Potomac
• McClellan soon given command of all Union forces
• Nov. 8 The Trent Affair - 2 Confed. diplomats
  captured enroute to England to get British
  support Lincoln lets them free after threats of
  war by England

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1862

• February Union General Ulysses S. Grant wins
  victories in west at Ft. Henry Ft. Donelson
  part of a push to divide the Confed.
• Earns nickname Unconditional Surrender Grant

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1862

• March 8/9 Confed. Merrimac Union Monitor
  fight to a draw in 1st battle of the Ironclads
• Changes naval battle forever

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1862

• March McClellan begins Peninsular Campaign to
  take Confed. capital city of Richmond, VA
  typical slow, cautious advance by McClellan
• April 6/7 Grants forces attacked at Shiloh
  (TN) 23K casualties
• Lincoln reluctantly relieves Grant of command

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1862

• April 24 Union naval forces under David
  Farragut take New Orleans
• June 1 Robert E. Lee assumes command of
  Confederate forces
• June 25-July 1 Seven Days Battles Lee forces
  McClellan to pull back to Washington

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1862

• Aug. 29/30 75K Union forces under Gen. John
  Pope defeated by 55K Confed. troops under Jackson
  Longstreet at 2nd Bull Run

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Confederate Gen. James Longstreet
Union Gen. John Pope
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1862

• Sept. Lee invades North (MD) threatens
  Washington McClellan pursues with copies of
  Lees battle plans
• Sept. 17 Antietam bloodiest day in U.S.
  military history
• 26K casualties Lee forced to retreat to VA
  McClellan fails to pursue Lee

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Confederate dead at the Sunken Road
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1862

• Sept. 23 Lincolns Preliminary Emancipation
  Proclamation
• Sets January 1, 1863 as effective date

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...on the first day of January, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within
any State or designated part of a State, the
people whereof shall then be in rebellion against
the United States, shall be then, thenceforward,
and forever free and the Executive Government of
the United States, including the military and
naval authority thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do
no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of
them, in any efforts they may make for their
actual freedom. Abraham Lincoln - Emancipation
Proclamation
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1862

• Nov. 7 McClellan relieved of command New Gen.
  is Ambrose Burnside
• Dec. 13 Burnsides forces suffer terrible
  defeat at Fredericksburg, VA after 14 futile
  assaults on entrenched Confeds.

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"If you don't want to use the army, I should like
to borrow it for a while. - Lincoln
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"We might as well have tried to take hell. -
Union soldier at Fredricksburg
"It is well that war is so terrible - we should
grow too fond of it," states Lee during the
fighting.
12,600 Union dead vs. 5300 Confederates
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1863

• Jan. 1 Emancipation Proclamation goes into
  effect - freeing all slaves in Confed. held
  territory
• War to preserve Union becomes struggle to end
  slavery

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1863

• Jan. 25 Burnside replaced by Gen. Joseph Hooker
  
• Jan. 29 Grant placed in command of Army of the
  West
• Told to take Vicksburg on Miss. River
• March 3 Congress enacts the military draft
• Those who could pay 300 could hire a substitute

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1863

• May1-4 Hookers forces defeated by Lee at
  Chancellorsville, VA
• Stonewall Jackson mortally wounded by his own
  troops
• June 28 Gen. George Meade replaces Joe Hooker

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Union Gen. George Meade
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1863

• July 1-3 The Battle of Gettysburg Union
  forces under Meade defeat Lee, forcing the
  Confeds. to retreat to VA Meade fails to pursue
  and destroy the battered Confederate Army
• The battle is the turning point of the war

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Union dead at Gettysburg
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Little Round Top - Gettysburg
A dead Confederate Sharpshooter - Little Round Top
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Confederate dead in the Devils Den
Amputation being performed at a Union field
Hospital
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1863

• July 4 Grant takes Vicksburg and takes control
  of the Miss. River
• Confederacy is split in two
• July 13-16 Violent anti-draft riots in NYC

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1863

• Sept.19/20 Union forces defeated at
  Chickamauga, TN Union Gen. Rosecrans troops
  trapped in Chattanooga, TN
• Oct. 16 Grant given control of all western
  armies

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1863

• Nov. 19 Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg Address
  to dedicate a cemetery on the site of the
  battlefield

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The Gettysburg Address Four score and
seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty,
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are
created equal. Now we are engaged in a
great civil war, testing whether that nation, or
any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can
long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of
that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of
that field, as a final resting place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might
live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we
should do this.
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But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we
cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will
little note, nor long remember, what we say here,
but it can never forget what they did here. It is
for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here
to the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for
us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us - that from these honored
dead we may take increased devotion to that cause
for which they gave the last full measure of
devotion - that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain - that this
nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom - and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish from
the earth. Abraham Lincoln - November 19,
1863
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1863

• Nov. 23-25 Grants forces break siege of
  Chattanooga Union troops avenge the loss at
  Chickamauga

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1864

• March 9 Grant given command of Union Army
  Gen. William T. Sherman given control of armies
  of the west
• May Coordinated campaign of all Union forces
  begins. 120K Union troops under Grant begin
  moving toward Richmond Gen. Lee
• Beginning of a war of attrition

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Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman
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1864

• June 3 Battle of Cold Harbor (VA) Grant
  foolishly attacks a strongly held Confed.
  position loses 7K men in 20 mins.

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Union Gen. Ulysses Simpson Grant
Planning the Cold Harbor Assault
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1864

• June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins Lees
  forces surrounded
• July 20 Sherman reaches Atlanta begins a
  3-month struggle to take the vital southern city

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The 13-inch Union mortar "Dictator" mounted on a
railroad flatcar at Petersburg. Its 200-pound
shells had a range of over 2 miles
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1864

• Aug. 29 Democrats nominate McClellan to run
  against Lincoln
• The Republicans ran as the National Union Party
• Andrew Johnson (D-TN) chosen to balance the
  ticket

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1864

• Sept. 2 Sherman captures Atlanta a boost for
  Lincolns re-election campaign
• Sherman destroys Atlantas warehouses and
  railroads
• Nov. 8 Lincoln re-elected president
• Nov. 15 Sherman begins his March to the Sea
• Dec. 21 Sherman reaches Savannah, GA, leaving
  behind scorched earth in his wake

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General Sherman (Rt) surveys the damage at
Atlanta (below and next slide)
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1865

• Jan. 31 - 13th Amendment to the Constitution
  passed Congress sent to states for ratification
  - outlaws slavery in the U.S.
• Neither Slavery, nor involuntary servitude,
  except as a punishment for crime whereof the
  party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
  within the United States, or any place subject to
  their jurisdiction.
• March 4 - Lincoln inaugurated for 2nd term

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Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

• With malice toward none, with charity for all,
  with firmness in the right as God gives us to see
  the right, let us strive on to finish the work we
  are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care
  for him who shall have borne the battle and for
  his widow and his orphan, to do all which may
  achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace
  among ourselves and with all nations.
  March 4, 1865

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1865

• April 2 - Lee evacuates Petersburg - Richmond
  also evacuated - Grant's forces advance
• April 4 - Lincoln tours Richmond Confederate
  White House

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Union troops at Petersburg (left) and Richmond
(below)
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The Confederate White House in Richmond
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1865

• April 9 - Lee surrenders at Appomatox Courthouse,
  VA

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Surrender Terms at Appomattox, 1865 General R.E.
Lee, Commanding C.S.A. APPOMATTOX Ct H., Va.,
April 9,1865, General In accordance with the
substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I
propose to receive the surrender of the Army of
Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit
Rolls of all officers and men to be made in
duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to
be designated by me, the other to be retained by
such officer or officers as you may designate.
The officers to give their individual paroles not
to take up arms against the Government of the
United States until properly exchanged, and
each company or regimental commander to sign a
like parole for the men of their commands. The
arms, artillery, and public property to be
parked, and stacked, and turned over to the
officers appointed by me to receive them. This
will not embrace the side-arms of the officers,
nor their private horses or baggage. This done,
each officer and man will be allowed to return to
his home, not to be disturbed by the United
States authorities so long as they observe their
paroles, and the laws in force where they may
reside. Very respectfully, U.S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General
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Lee, shortly after his surrender
The Civil War started on the property of Wilmer
McLean in Manassas, VA and ended with the
surrender of Lees forces in the parlor of
McLeans home in Appomatox Courthouse, VA.
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1865

• April 14 - Lincoln shot at Ford's Theater

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The Presidential Box at Fords Theater
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