The Cold War Era

1
The Cold War Era

• Chapter 27

2
Cold War Origins

• Section 1

3
Post WWII Questions

• What do we do with lands occupied by the Sov.
  Un.?
• How should govts be set up in areas devastated
  by war?
• Meeting of the Big 3
• Roosevelt US
• Churchill Britain
• Stalin Sov. Un.
• Soviets agreed to hold free elections in occupied
  territories, Split Germany in 4

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7
United Nations

• President Harry Truman takes office
• 50 nations including Sov. Un.
• Settle disputes, prevent war

8
Soviet Expansion

• No free elections communist countries
• European Split
• East Soviet Communism equality, common
  goods and property, massive govt control
• West Capitalist Democracy
• Iron Curtain Sov. Un. Cut off eastern Europe
  from the west
• Possible expansion south (Turkey, Greece)

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Containing the Soviets

• Containment preventing the expansion of power
• Non military
• Western Europe and Japan
• Truman Doctrine help threatened nations
• Greece and Turkey
• Marshall Plan give economic aid to western
  Europe

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Crisis in Berlin

• Germany divided
• East Soviet union
• West US, Britain, France
• Berlin divided
• Soviet blockade of Berlin
• American airlift transport of supplies by air

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Crisis in Berlin

• Two nations formed
• East Germany German Democratic Republic
• West Germany Federal Republic of Germany

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Two Armed Camps

• Cold War a war in which the two sides do not
  actually fight
• US vs. SU
• Building up the military
• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• US, Canada and 10 European nations
• an attack on one is an attack on all
• Warsaw Pact Soviet response to NATO
• Europe further divided

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US Rearms

• Arms Race who can build the biggest and the
  best
• US must lead the way!!!
• National Securities Council
• US builds the largest military in HISTORY!!!

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Independence Movement

• Philippines break from the US
• India, Pakistan, Burma, and 25 African nations
  break away from European powers

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Dividing Palestine

• ½ to Jews, ½ to Arabs
• Israel to the Jews
• Jerusalem is an international city
• Constant war

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Communism to China

• Civil War, Communist Victory
• Mao Zedong

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Post WWII Politics

• Section 2

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Post War Economy

• GI Bill of Rights
• in loans for returning soldiers
• Reduced unemployment boosted economy
• Inflation rise in prices
• Removal of price controls
• Availability/desire to buy things
• Workers seek better conditions STRIKE!
• Truman forces them back to work

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Political Struggle

• Truman (Democrat) faces off against Republicans
• Fair Deal
• Raise minimum wage
• Expand social security
• More public housing
• National health insurance
• Republicans control congress Had Enough

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Election of 1948

• Thomas Dewey vs. Harry Truman
• Chicago Tribune Dewey defeats Truman
  MISTAKE!!!
• Truman won by narrow margin
• Dems control both houses of congress
• Fair Deal passes Kind of

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Civil Rights

• Civil Rights ALL people receive equal rights,
  no discrimination
• Give all races equal rights
• Protect African Am. voting rights
• Desegregate the military
• End racial separation

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The Korean War

• Section 3

27
Road to War

• Korea little known by the average American
• Divided at the end of WWII 38th Parallel
• US
• Soviet Union
• Remained divided after occupation
• Tensions high

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Soviet Union
China
North Korea
38th Parallel
South Korea
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Conflict Begins

• N. Korea wanted to unify country by force
• June 25, 1950 N. Korea invades
• Easy victory
• Captured the capital city of Seoul
• Truman believed this was supported by the Soviets

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UN Responds

• UN sends troops to assist S. Korea
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• Over 20 nations sent troops
• US had the largest number

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Soviet Union
China
North Korea
38th Parallel
Seoul
South Korea
32
War Rages On

• Chinese forces help N. Korea
• MacArthur and Truman dispute strategy
• MacArthur makes bold move
• Troops to South (Pusan)
• Troops to the middle (Inchon)
• UN recaptures S. Korea

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Soviet Union
China
North Korea
38th Parallel
Seoul
South Korea
Pusan
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Soviet Union
China
North Korea
38th Parallel
Seoul
Inchon
South Korea
Pusan
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On the Offensive

• MacArthur wanted to press on into N. Korea
• Truman allowed
• UN pushes north almost to Chinese border
• China replies STOP OR ELSE!!!
• We didnt listen
• N. Korea China recapture Seoul

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Soviet Union
China
North Korea
P'yongyang
38th Parallel
Seoul
Inchon
South Korea
Pusan
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Soviet Union
China
Sea of Japan
North Korea
P'yongyang
38th Parallel
Seoul
Yellow Sea
Inchon
South Korea
Pusan
East China Sea
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American Leadership Divided

• By Jan. 1951 UN forces recapture Seoul and push
  N. Korea back to 38th Parallel
• Stalemate neither side gains ground toward
  victory
• 2 years
• Truman vs. MacArthur
• MacArthur we need to attack China!!!
• Truman we need peace
• MacArthur fired Americans not happy

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End of Conflict

• Peace talks for 2 years
• Treaty signed July 27, 1953
• Created a demilitarized zone no military can
  enter
• Between North and South Korea
• Neither side won
• 54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans and
  Chinese died
• America accomplished their goal of containment

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The Red Scare

• Section 4

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The Red Scare

• Fear of Communist subversion sabotage
• Knowledge of the Soviet atomic bomb
• Fear that Reds had taken over the US
• No one was safe from accusations

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Cold War Fears

• Truman ordered investigation of all federal
  employees
• 6 million, many lost their jobs
• Many organizations questioned loyalty
• Loyalty oaths
• McCarran Act all communists have to register
• Vetoed

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Un-American Activities

• House of Un-American Activities
• Investigating communist subversion
• Guilty by association
• The Hollywood Ten
• Blacklists lists of individuals whose loyalty
  was suspicious

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Spies Revealed

• Taking govt secrets and giving them to the
  Soviets
• Perjury lying in court

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McCarthyism

• A hunt for alleged communists
• Declared w/o proof
• Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy
• Went around claiming that the govt was full of
  communists
• Lost much support during Army-McCarthy hearings
• Ruined the lives of many innocent people
• Senate voted to censure him for misconduct
• Formally criticize