Early Civilizations Unit 1

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Early CivilizationsUnit 1

• (3500 B.C. 1600 B.C.)

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Neolithic Revolution

• Hunter-Gatherer societies dominate most of
  pre-history.
• Change from nomadic life to farming.
• Domesticated animals.

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Building Blocks of Civilization

1. Water
2. Language
3. Writing
4. Technology

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Characteristics of Civilizations

1. Organized governments
2. Religion
3. Jobs
4. Social Classes
5. Art and Architecture
6. Public Works
7. Writing

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Characteristics of Civilizations

• Way of keeping records.
• Groups of people based on power, money, or
  fighting ability.
• Roads, sewers, libraries, etc.
• Belief system
• Designed to provide order.
• Buildings and cultural designs.
• Specialized artisans

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First Civilizations

• Mesopotamia (Iraq)
• Nile River Valley (Egypt)
• Indus River Valley (India)
• Huang He/Yellow River (China)

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Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent
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Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent

• Tigris River
• Euphrates River
• What new technology allowed these rivers to
  become the first area in the world where
  civilizations could grow?
• Irrigation

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Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent
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Mesopotamia Writing

• The writing style used by the people inhabiting
  the area of Mesopotamia was called Cuneiform.
• Cuneiform is the oldest known form of writing and
  consists of wedge markings forming a pictogram.

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Mesopotamia Cuneiform
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Mesopotamia City States and Empires

• City States of Sumer
• Kingdom of Akkad
• Babylonian Empire

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City States Sumer

• In between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
  settled a people known as Sumerians. (3500 2300
  B.C.)
• The Sumerians formed City-States
• City States consist of a central city and the
  land around it. The city was there for trade and
  government purposes while the land was irrigated
  for food production.

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City State Example
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Sumerian City States Technology

• The Sumerians came up with many of the basic
  inventions and technological advancements that we
  still put into use today.

• Inventions include
• Wagon wheel
• Arch
• Potters wheel
• Sundial
• 12 month calendar
• Number system
• Developed bronze tools

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Kingdom of Akkad

• Sumerians were conquered by their northern
  neighbors called Akkadians. (2300 B.C.)
• The Akkadians were led by Sargon I

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Kingdom of Akkad
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Babylonian Empire

• Around 1800 B.C. arose another great empire with
  its capital located in the city of Babylon. Thus
  the name Babylonian Empire.
• This first Babylonian empire is most known for
  one of its leaders named Hammurabi. Hammurabi is
  the first known ruler to create a law code and
  have it written down.

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Code of Hammurabi
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Egypt

• Nile River Valley
• Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
• Pyramids and Mummies
• Hieroglyphics

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Egypt Nile River Valley
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Egypt Old, Middle, New Kingdoms

• Old Kingdom (2700 B.C. 2200 B.C.)
• Narmer of Upper Egypt conquers Lower Egypt
  uniting those who lived in the Nile River Valley
  with those who lived on the Nile Delta.
• Narmer created the first Egyptian dynasty and
  established a Theocracy to rule over his kingdom.
• Capital located in Memphis

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Egypt Old, Middle, New Kingdoms
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Egypt Old, Middle, New Kingdoms

• Middle Kindom (2050 B.C. 1700 B.C.)
• After 150 years of civil war and civil strife a
  new dynasty takes the throne.
• New capital in the city of Thebes.
• Ended by the Invasion of foreigners called Hyksos.

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Egypt Old, Middle, New Kingdoms
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Egypt Old, Middle, New Kingdoms

• New Kingdom (1600 B.C. 945 B.C.)
• Egyptians overcome and displaced their Hyksos
  rulers in 1600 B.C. and established a new
  dynasty.
• Egyptian rulers called themselves Pharaohs

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Egypt New Kingdom

• Akhenaton causes religious turmoil by switching
  from Polytheistic beliefs to Monotheistic
  beliefs.
• Polytheism
• Monotheism

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Egypt New Kingdom

• Ramses II (The Great) attempts to expand the
  empire but is thwarted by the Hittites.
• The Hittites were a people from Asia Minor
  (Turkey) who had conquered an empire for
  themselves.
• The Egyptians and Hittites fought over the area
  of Syria, neither became victors.

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Egypt Pyramids
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Egypt Pyramids
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Egypt Mummies
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Mummies
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Mummies
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Egypt Hieroglyphs

• Writing system used by the Egyptians that
  involved using symbols to communicate a message.
• Glyphs could represent objects, ideas, and sounds.

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Egypt Hieroglyphs
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Egypt Hieroglyphs

• With the discovery of the Rosetta stone
  archeologists could finally interpret Egyptian
  hieroglyphs.

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Harappa Civilization
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Harappa Civilization

• The Harappan Civilization was based along the
  Indus river valley of present day India and
  Pakistan.
• The Harappan economy was based on Monsoons.
• They developed a writing system of pictograms
  similar to both Sumerian Cuneiform and Egyptian
  Hieroglyphs.

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Harappa Civilization
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Harappa Civilization Monsoons
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Harappa Civilization Monsoons
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Harappa Civilization Writing
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Harappa Civilization

• The Harappan dominance of the Indus river valley
  lasted from 2500 B.C. to 1500 B.C. They are
  thought to have perished at the hands of invaders
  called Aryans.

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Harappa Civilization

• The idea of social classes based on birth was
  introduced by the Aryans.
• The system is known as the Caste System and is
  still in effect today. There are five different
  castes.

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China
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China Early Dynasties

• Xia Dynasty (2200 1760 B.C.)
• Collection of many early tribes who banded
  together for protection and trade stability.
• Based along the Yellow River.
• Shang Dynasty
• First Dynasty where the central government had
  absolute control.
• Mandate of Heaven. Idea that whoever is in power
  was put there by heaven.

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China Xia Dynasty
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China Early Dynasties
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China Early Dynasties
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China Mandate of Heaven
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China Oracle Bones
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Irrigation
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Irrigation
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Irrigation
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Unit One Project Create Your Own Civilization

1. Name your civilization.
2. Pick a spot in the world to start your
   civilization and draw it out. Explain why you
   chose to place your civilization there.
3. Show where at least 3 cities will go.
4. What language will you use? You may use an
   existing one or make one up. Example
   Harrisonish.
5. What will your writing style be like? Will it be
   like English, Spanish, and German? Or will it be
   made up of symbols? Explain why you chose what
   you did.
6. How will social classes be determined?
7. What Jobs will you have?
8. What will your government be like and how will
   you enforce order?