STEPS TO CIVILIZATION Unit 3 Social Studies 7

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STEPS TO CIVILIZATIONUnit 3 Social Studies 7

• Follow along using your booklet to fill in your
  answers.

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Look Around You!

• How did the world you see come to be the way it
  is?

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Why are you watching this PowerPoint instead of
waiting outside a gophers hole, with a spiked
club in your hands?
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The reason we are.

• Lies far in the past when early humans
• began creating tools to help them make
• useful and beautiful objects

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People began farming instead of spending days
searching for food
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They left their caves for the comfort of houses
built from reeds, peat, leather, wood and stone
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They built walls around their settlements and
began to live peacefully in settled communities
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• These early changes were the first steps
  towards civilization and the first steps towards
  the life we know

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In this unit, you will examine

• important changes in lives of early humans
• changes that affected lives of all people who
  followed them, including you!

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Early Beginnings

• Archaeologists found evidence showing at least 6
  different species of humans having walked the
  earth
• These include first modern humans, the early Homo
  sapiens sapiens
• Evidence of Early Humans mapped on pg.44 Ancient
  Worlds text

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Try This Mapping Activity

• Pg.44 AW - find title, legend, scale of map
• What information does each of these items give
  you?
• Describe where remains of of ancient humans were
  located in relation to major rivers. What
  pattern do you notice?

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Think for Yourself p.45

• Imagine yourself shipwrecked on a deserted
  island. Your mission is to survive on your wits
  alone. Your first task is to find food and
  water. You gather shellfish from the beach and
  find a stream. What now?
• Group Activity

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Development of Humans

• Earth like deserted island for early humans
• Offered materials of nature, nothing else
• People survived finding ways to use materials to
  meet needs for food, shelter clothing

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Tools Were Important

• Made axes, knives, scrapers and spearheads using
  hard stone to chip pieces from another stone
• Various groups of humans created different tools
  depending on environment

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Tools Teach Us

• What each groups life was like

• How ancient peoples hunted
• What they hunted (large or small prey)

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Tools Teach Us

• How they cooked their food
• If they stored their food

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• Lives changed drastically as they learned to
  make new tools

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Eras

• Scientists divided time early humans lived into
  three eras (periods of time)
• Eras were based on the materials in tools
• Stone Age
• Bronze Age
• Iron Age

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Scientific Evidence for 6 Groups of Early Humans

• According to Theory of Evolution each species of
  humans developed into the next group
• Some groups lived on Earth at the same time
• Scientists do not all agree on names / dates for
  each group
• Support differences by analyzing fossil remains
• Notice how each species used technology to help
  them survive in their environment

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Early Humans

• Australopithecus
• Homo habilis (handyman)
• Homo erectus (upright man)
• Homo sapiens (Neanderthal)
• Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)
• Homo sapiens sapiens (modern human)

STOP. REFLECT. COMPLETE FILL-IN-BLANK REVIEW
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Try This Timeline Activity

• Using criteria on Steps to Civilization Handout
  AW pages 47-49, construct a timeline in chart
  format
• Your chart may be produced with a computer or by
  hand on 11 X 17 paper
• Your goal is to show changes that took place from
  Australopithecus to Homo sapiens sapiens. List
  the changes on your time line
• Use the Mr. Donn site for information too!

Together, lets review criteria for an excellent
timeline
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Go Deeper with Technology

• http//earlyhumans.mrdonn.org/index.html

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Early Hunters

• In ancient times, people could not be certain of
  getting dinner if they stayed in one place
• People ate wild plants when they were in season
• Wild animals were eaten when killed with tools of
  wood and stone.
• Early hunters followed migrating herds of
  animals, or travelled to places where they had
  found food in past years.
• Hunting was a way of life for early humans.
  Evidence found at may sites suggests that early
  humans (starting with Homo erectus) were skillful
  hunters

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Pause Discuss

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the
  hunter-gatherer lifestyles?

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• North American Aboriginal people stampeded
  herds of bison off cliffs such as the one at
  Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo-Jump, Alberta.

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• Why do you think this hunting method encouraged
  people to live in communities?

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Cro-Magnon Hunters

• Followed great herds of animals that once
  travelled across Europe
• Some lived in caves
• Others made tents out of skins of animals they
  caught
• Could pack up tents easily and bring them as they
  followed herds of animals
• Tools were much more efficient than those of
  earlier people

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Cro-Magnon Hunters

• Invented blade tools and made tools from bone to
  help make clothing and shelters
• used wood, bone, and plant fibres to make tools
• Most of these materials rotted, leaving little or
  no evidence
• Only stone tools survived

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Cro-Magnon Hunters

• Invention of barbed harpoon important to growth
  of population
• Hunting became more efficient as hunting tools
  improved

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Put Yourself into the Time and Place of a
Historical Event

• Imagine you are one of a band of early humans who
  travel together in search of food
• Work in a group to develop a short skit about
  your discovery of fire.
• See criteria on assignment card on next slide

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Assignment Card

• You eat roots, fruit, and berries whenver you
  find them.
• You eat raw meat because you do not kow about
  fire.
• You break animal bones open so you can eat the
  marrow.
• Then one day you see fire for the first time.
• How does the fire start? How does it change your
  life? What can you do now that you could not do
  before?

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Farming A Giant Step

• most of time humans fed themselves gathering wild
  plants / hunting wild animals
• by 5000 years ago, people had begun farming in
  almost every part of world

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• Farming marks time when people began to grow
  plants and raise animals for food
• Humans began training animals to be of use to them

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• Switch to farming marks a gigantic change in how
  people related to the earth and their environment
• Instead of simply finding and taking what nature
  provided, people started to help nature along
• As farmers, humans started to take control of the
  production of food

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A Shift

• Shift from food gathering to food producing meant
  people could now be sure of getting enough to eat
• Dependable source of food allowed people to
  settle in one place
• As food became abundant, communities began to
  flourish
• Farming was a giant step towards the development
  of civilization

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How Farming Got Started

• We can only speculate. We werent there.
• Some Theories
• Spilled-Grain Hypothesis
• Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis
• Mooven-and-Grooven Hypothesis

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Spilled-Grain Hypothesis

• Neolithic women, noticed new grain plants grew
  when they accidentally spilled grain seeds. They
  tried scattering seeds on purpose it worked!

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Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis

• Animals often find plants in places with water /
  good soil - Hunters saw pattern
• People stayed at sites, animals became tamer
• People started weeding / irrigating so plants
  would grow better
• Started saving seeds of better plants to plant

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Mooven-and-Grooven Hypothesis

• One season, nomads liked a site so much they
  stuck around
• Stayed so long they harvested a crop and then saw
  it grow to harvest stage again
• Groups learned to grow a crop from seed to
  harvest and then move on

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Remember

• A hypothesis is a theory or opinion that has
  not been proven a kind of educated guess about
  what the evidence means

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On your own, explain why you agree with one of
the hypotheses described or propose one of your
own. Write down two facts or reasons to
justify your hypothesis
Activity

• Spilled-Grain Hypothesis
• Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis
• Mooven-and-Grooven Hypothesis

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PAIR/SHARE ACTIVITY Why Farming Began

• Using Ancient Worlds pages 56-57, meet with a
  partner to discuss how the historian argued a
  hypothesis in the article Why Farming Began.
  Use the questions in the article to guide your
  discussion. Take turns reading the questions, and
  responding.

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Think for Yourself

• State your own hypothesis about how farming
  started.
• How is your hypothesis similar to and different
  from the one given in the article?
• Do you think the historian did a good job of
  supporting a hypothesis? Explain.

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Cities Another Giant Step

• Looking at how cities developed is like seeing
  civilization develop
• development of farming brought people together in
  communities
• people stopped farming when farmlands produced
  more food than was needed some
• some people developed others skill moved closer
  together forming villages
• sometimes these villages grew into towns, and
  then cities

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Ancient Cities of the World

• In ancient times, cities homes of royalty and
  officials who held power
• Officials controlled surrounding land decided
  who could farm
• Some cities grew around temple or place of
  worship
• Communities flourished because people could make
  a living (e.g, shopkeepers, craftspeople,
  artists, teachers, priests, and officials)

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Scientists Love to Discover Ruins of Ancient
Cities
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Scientists want to know more about how ancient
people lived and met individual/common needs
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Seeing Patterns

• Note the development (changes) of different early
  civilizations
• Nomadic groups travelling
• ?
• People formed settled, organized communities
• ?
• Communities grew into cities
• ?
• Met other groups through trade or warfare
• ?
• Cities developed unique characteristics solve
  problems in different ways

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Charting Change

• Using picture series on pages 62-63, Ancient
  Worlds
• Make a 2-column chart. List stages (or changes)
  you see in column one.
• In column two, speculate on how each change must
  have affected peoples lives

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Pair/Share Your Chart

• With a partner, discuss how the events
  described in the chart did or did not contribute
  to a more civilized life for people

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In Conclusion

• You have examined the big steps that led towards
  civilization.
• You have seen that tools played a crucial role at
  every step.

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• Archaeologists found evidence showing at least
  6 different species of humans have walked the
  earth

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• Tools were important and teach us about daily
  life or early humans

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• Scientists divided time early humans lived
  into three eras (periods of time) based on tools
  - Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age

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• Hunting was a way of life for early humans.

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• Farming marks time when people began to grow
  plants and raise animals for food

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• Looking at how cities developed is like seeing
  civilization develop see a pattern to the
  changes

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In Your Opinion

• Which was the most important step in getting
  civilization started
• Invention of fire
• Tools for hunting
• The beginning of farming
• Technology for travel or
• The beginning of cities
• Remember to support your opinion

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• THE END