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Unit 5:The Growth of Empires and Governments

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Title: Unit 5:The Growth of Empires and Governments


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Unit 5The Growth of Empires and Governments
  • Chapter 5 Early Civilizations of Greece

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Section I Early Civilizations of Greece(Pages
100-104)
  • This section is about
  • How the geography of Greece affected the
    development of two ancient civilizations of
    traders and palace builders.
  • The economic and cultural life of the Minoans and
    Mycenaean's.
  • How historical events of these cultures have been
    preserved in legends and epics.

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  • Like everywhere else geography matters in
    Greece
  • The Pindus Mountains isolated the Greek people
    from one another.
  • Its on the Balkan peninsula
  • The southernmost part Peloponnesus
  • Has many islands

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Greece is different from some of our other places
so far
  • Not very good farmland
  • No great big rivers
  • Unpredictable rains
  • The were able to grow barley, grapes and olives
    (they grow okay in rocky soil).
  • They also raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
    (smaller animals).
  • That kind of food was scarce.
  • But they did have lots of

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Water
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  • Most people lived near the sea.
  • Good harbors for trading.
  • Good sailors, fishermen, and traders.
  • Main exports olive oil, wine, wool, and marble.
  • People who lived inland were separated from each
    other (mountains), so different communities ended
    being quite different from each other.
  • The Greeks have always believed they had the most
    beautiful land on Earth.
  • Their location helped them develop the
    foundations for western civilization.
  • (the way Europe and the Americas lived)

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The first great Aegean civilization was the
Minoans
  • Named after Minos (the legendary king of Greece)
  • He had a monarchy (government with a single
    ruler).
  • They had fine crafts, built great palaces, and
    played sports.
  • Their most important palace was at Knossos

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The Palace of Knossos
  • The largest palace on Crete.
  • The royal family, its advisors, craft-workers,
    and servants all lived there.
  • It had store rooms, workshops, large bathrooms,
    complex plumbing.
  • Art was an important part of their lives with
    decorative vases, ivory figurines, jewelry, and
    colorful frescoes on the walls (of bulls,
    dolphins, people, sporting events, and nature
    scenes)

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The Minoans were peaceful sea traders
  • It seems they lived in peace for a long time.
  • They traded with the Greek islands, the Greek
    mainland, and even the Egyptians.
  • But- they werent Greek they were Aegean
  • No-one really knows why they disappeared (maybe a
    volcanic eruption the island of Thera)

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10
Just after the time of the Minoans, the
Mycenaean's began a culture in Greece.
  • Lived on the mainland of Greece.
  • The first Greek people to leave a written record.
  • Ruled by kings from big palaces.
  • Traded with the Minoans some so they had a
    cultural exchange with them.

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The Mycenaean's lived
  • In great palaces.
  • But, theres were surrounded by thick walls.
  • The lived about the same way as the Minoans
  • Mycenaeans also had colonies around the
    Mediterranean, and traded with many other
    cultures.

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By 1100 BC, Mycenaeans were gone
  • Palaces were destroyed/abandoned.
  • Why gone? Civil Wars? Natural Disasters?
    Invaders? Were not sure.
  • People started settling in smaller villages.
  • Some started moving other places like Sicily
    and Italy

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One of the biggest things the Mycenaeans are
known for is The Trojan War
  • The Mycenaeans and other Greeks attacked Troy (a
    rich trading city).
  • The War started when a Trojan prince named Paris
    kidnapped Helen (the wife of the brother of the
    Mycenaean king).
  • To try and rescue her, the Greeks battled the
    Trojans, seized Troy, and burned it to the
    ground.
  • Is this story a myth or true?

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Some of the best stories from this time come from
the Iliad and the Odyssey
  • These were two long poems probably by Homer.
  • The Iliad describes the last days of the Trojan
    War.
  • The Odyssey tells a story of the long trip home
    by Odysseus (a hero of the Trojan War).

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Of course, religion was important to the people
of Greece
  • They believed there were Gods around in everyday
    life.
  • They had human feelings and human form.
  • They believed they needed to please their gods,
    so they built great temples to honor them.

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The Parthenon (on the Acropolis)
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Parthenon Design
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Who are these people?
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Some of the main Greek Gods
  • (The 12 Olympians)
  • Zeus
  • Athena
  • Hera
  • Hades
  • Poseidon
  • Dionysus
  • Ares
  • Aphrodite
  • Apollo
  • Artemis
  • Demeter
  • Hermes
  • Hestia
  • Hephaestus
  • The goddess of love, beauty and desire.
  • The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy,
    heroic endeavor, handicrafts and reason.
  • King of the Underworld and god of the dead and
    the hidden wealth of the Earth.
  • Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs,
    kings and empires.
  • The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts,
    earthquakes, and the creator of horses.
  • The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus
    and the god of the sky, weather, thunder,
    lightning, law, order, and fate.

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Greek Gods and Goddesses
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This is a picture of whats on page B of your
packets
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Finish the bottom of page "A"
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