Title: Unit 5:The Growth of Empires and Governments
1Unit 5The Growth of Empires and Governments
- Chapter 5 Early Civilizations of Greece
2Section I Early Civilizations of Greece(Pages
100-104)
- This section is about
- How the geography of Greece affected the
development of two ancient civilizations of
traders and palace builders. - The economic and cultural life of the Minoans and
Mycenaean's. - How historical events of these cultures have been
preserved in legends and epics.
3- Like everywhere else geography matters in
Greece - The Pindus Mountains isolated the Greek people
from one another. - Its on the Balkan peninsula
- The southernmost part Peloponnesus
- Has many islands
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4Greece is different from some of our other places
so far
- Not very good farmland
- No great big rivers
- Unpredictable rains
- The were able to grow barley, grapes and olives
(they grow okay in rocky soil). - They also raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens
(smaller animals). - That kind of food was scarce.
- But they did have lots of
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5Water
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- Most people lived near the sea.
- Good harbors for trading.
- Good sailors, fishermen, and traders.
- Main exports olive oil, wine, wool, and marble.
- People who lived inland were separated from each
other (mountains), so different communities ended
being quite different from each other. - The Greeks have always believed they had the most
beautiful land on Earth. - Their location helped them develop the
foundations for western civilization. - (the way Europe and the Americas lived)
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6The first great Aegean civilization was the
Minoans
- Named after Minos (the legendary king of Greece)
- He had a monarchy (government with a single
ruler). - They had fine crafts, built great palaces, and
played sports. - Their most important palace was at Knossos
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7The Palace of Knossos
- The largest palace on Crete.
- The royal family, its advisors, craft-workers,
and servants all lived there. - It had store rooms, workshops, large bathrooms,
complex plumbing. - Art was an important part of their lives with
decorative vases, ivory figurines, jewelry, and
colorful frescoes on the walls (of bulls,
dolphins, people, sporting events, and nature
scenes)
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9The Minoans were peaceful sea traders
- It seems they lived in peace for a long time.
- They traded with the Greek islands, the Greek
mainland, and even the Egyptians. - But- they werent Greek they were Aegean
- No-one really knows why they disappeared (maybe a
volcanic eruption the island of Thera)
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10Just after the time of the Minoans, the
Mycenaean's began a culture in Greece.
- Lived on the mainland of Greece.
- The first Greek people to leave a written record.
- Ruled by kings from big palaces.
- Traded with the Minoans some so they had a
cultural exchange with them.
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11The Mycenaean's lived
- In great palaces.
- But, theres were surrounded by thick walls.
- The lived about the same way as the Minoans
- Mycenaeans also had colonies around the
Mediterranean, and traded with many other
cultures.
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12By 1100 BC, Mycenaeans were gone
- Palaces were destroyed/abandoned.
- Why gone? Civil Wars? Natural Disasters?
Invaders? Were not sure. - People started settling in smaller villages.
- Some started moving other places like Sicily
and Italy
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13One of the biggest things the Mycenaeans are
known for is The Trojan War
- The Mycenaeans and other Greeks attacked Troy (a
rich trading city). - The War started when a Trojan prince named Paris
kidnapped Helen (the wife of the brother of the
Mycenaean king). - To try and rescue her, the Greeks battled the
Trojans, seized Troy, and burned it to the
ground. - Is this story a myth or true?
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14Some of the best stories from this time come from
the Iliad and the Odyssey
- These were two long poems probably by Homer.
- The Iliad describes the last days of the Trojan
War. - The Odyssey tells a story of the long trip home
by Odysseus (a hero of the Trojan War).
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15Of course, religion was important to the people
of Greece
- They believed there were Gods around in everyday
life. - They had human feelings and human form.
- They believed they needed to please their gods,
so they built great temples to honor them.
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16The Parthenon (on the Acropolis)
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17Parthenon Design
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18Who are these people?
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20Some of the main Greek Gods
- (The 12 Olympians)
- Zeus
- Athena
- Hera
- Hades
- Poseidon
- Dionysus
- Ares
- Aphrodite
- Apollo
- Artemis
- Demeter
- Hermes
- Hestia
- Hephaestus
- The goddess of love, beauty and desire.
- The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy,
heroic endeavor, handicrafts and reason. - King of the Underworld and god of the dead and
the hidden wealth of the Earth. - Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs,
kings and empires. - The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts,
earthquakes, and the creator of horses. - The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus
and the god of the sky, weather, thunder,
lightning, law, order, and fate.
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Greek Gods and Goddesses
21This is a picture of whats on page B of your
packets
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22Finish the bottom of page "A"
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