RESTORATION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

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RESTORATION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

• 1660-1798

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I. MONARCHIES

• A. CHARLES II (1660-1685)
• 1. Came out of exile in France in 1660
• 2. Part of Stuart line of kings/queens
• 3. Protestant, but held sympathy for Catholics
  and French
• 4. Parliament becomes divided into
• a. Royalists/Tories
• b. Whigs
• 5. Problems during his reign Plague, London
  fire, Dutch attack and harm British Navy

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• B. JAMES (1685-1688)
• 1. Catholic fought with parliament
• 2. Abdicated the throne fled to France

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• C. WILLIAM AND MARY (1688-early 1700s)
• 1. Mary was James daughter
• 2. Williams title was William of
• Orange
• 3. Pro-Protestant and anti-French
• 4. Their takeover was called Glorious/Bloodles
  s Revolution
• 5. Brought about the Revolution Settlement

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• D. Queen Anne (early 1700s)
• 1. Last Stuart monarch
• 2. Created Great Britainunion of England,
• Wales, Scotland, and Ireland
• E. George I and George IIearly to mid-1700s
• F. George III1760-1811
• 1. end of peace between monarch and parliament
• 2. American Revolution

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II. Economics

1. Mainly agricultural at beginning of era
2. Switched to industrial as advancements were made
   in both fields
3. Two classes emerged toward end of era wealthy
   and poor

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III. Enlightenment

1. Major philosophers Kant, Locke, etc.
2. Focus on scientific inquiry in all areas of life
   (human nature, government, religion, etc.)

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IV. Neoclassic Literature

• Restoration Age (1660-1700)
• 1. Satire used in drama to poke fun at Stuart
  court
• 2. The elite also enjoyed heroic drama,
  tragedies, comedies
• 3. the commoners enjoyed the Puritan traditional
  themes and styles

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• B. Augustan Age (1700-1750) (also called Age of
  Pope)
• 1. Emphasis on Latin style of literature
• 2. Pope, Addison, Steele, Swift were major
  satirists
• 3. Emotionalism began to creep into drama and
  fiction novel rose as an art form

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• C. Age of Johnson (1750-1798)
• 1. Emphasis shifting to real life, non-fiction
• 2. Rise of Gothic novels, mysterious tales,
  supernatural influence
• 3. Move toward the Romantic toward the end of
  the era