The Restoration Colonies

1
New York
2
New Netherlands

• New Netherlands ? founded in the Hudson River
  area (1623-1624)
• Established by Dutch West India Company for
  quick-profit fur trade.
• Manhattan New Amsterdam
• Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000)
  acre.
• 60 guilders equivalent of 23.70 (worth about 60
  billion today)

3
New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony

• Charles II granted New Netherlands land to his
  brother James, the Duke of York, before he
  controlled the area!
• 1664 ? English soldiers arrived.
• Dutch had little ammunition, poor defenses and
  poor leadership.
• Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, forced to
  surrender without firing a shot.
• Renamed New York
• England gained strategic harbor between her
  northern southern colonies.
• England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

4
Duke of Yorks Original Charter
5
New Amsterdam, 1664
6
MANHATTEN, TODAY
7
New Jersey
8
New Jersey

• 1664 ? aristocratic proprietors rcvd. the area
  from the Duke of York.
• Many New Englanders because of worn out soil
  moved to NJ.
• 1702 ? Combined to one colony

9
Pennsylvania
10
William Penn

• 1681 ? he received agrant from king toestablish
  a colony.
• This settled a debt the king
• owed his father.
• Named Pennsylvania
• Penns Woodland.

11
The Quakers

• Called Quakers because they quaked during
  intense religious practices.
• They offended religious secular leaders in
  England.
• Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of
  England.
• They met without paid clergy
• Believed all were children of God? refused to
  treat the upper classes with deference.
• Keep hats on.
• Addressed them as commoners ? thees/thous.
• Wouldnt take oaths.
• Pacifists.

12
The Holy Experiment

• Different nationalities and religious beliefs
  living in harmony
• Tolerance and Land compensation to Native
  Americans
• Quakers went among the Natives unarmed.
• Friendly and co-existed peacefully, until
  Non-Quakers started settling in the area

13
Penns Treaty with theNative Americans
14
Pennsylvanian Society

• Attracted many different people
• Religious misfits from other colonies.
• Many different ethnic groups.
• No slavery, no restrictions on immigration.
• Liberal land policy
• Representative assembly elected by landowners
• English govt forced them, however, to deny rt to
  vote hold office to Catholics and Jews by
  English govt

15
Delaware
16
Delaware PAs Neighbor

• Began as Swedish settlement
• Named after Lord De La Warr harsh military
  governor of VA in 1610.
• Closely associated with Penns colony.
• 1703/4 ? granted its own assembly.

17
Ethnic Groups
18
Life in Middle Colonies

• Famous Court Case - Peter Zenger
• Ben Franklin Poor Richards Almanac (Complete
  Activity)
• If you would not be forgotten, as soon as you
  are dead and rotten, either write things worth
  reading, or do things worth the writing." B.
  Franklin (1706-1790)

19
Ben Franklin

• Escaped to Philadelphia where he would become a
  famous Printer PA Gazette
• Poor Richards Almanac under the alias Richard
  Saunders
• First Public Library (1731)
• First PA Hospital (1743) PENN
• First Fire company in Philadelphia
• Inventor (stove, bifocals, nature of electricity
  and lightening)
• Very active on the Political scene Americas
  Independence We will discuss this more in the
• next two chapters!

20
The English Civil War andits Aftermath

• King Charles I vs. Oliver Cromwell
• Cromwell wins, rules until 1660
• King Charles II and monarch restored!
• Restoration era leads to colonies being settled.

21
Mercantilism

• Power is measured by wealth and
• nations wealth is measured by stock of precious
  metals
• Bullion gold and silver
• A Favorable balance of trade export
• more than you import
• Great Britains system with the help
• of her colonies

22
Navigation Acts Positives Negatives

• 1. Monopoly on Tobacco - SC
• 2. NE shipbuilders and manufacturing
• 3. English Vessels only
• 4. Goods must stop in England 1st discourages
  trade w/ other nations
• 5. Corn laws, Hat Laws, Molasses Act
• 6. Smuggling
• Acts were not seriously enforced until after
  French and Indian War

23
Salutary Neglect

• England allowed its colonies freedom in governing
  themselves
• WHY?
• Existing economic and politics of the colonies
  already served British interests

24
Massachusetts In the hot seat

• England revoked MA charter in 1684, making it a
  royal colony
• Colonists were becoming more independent, did not
  like King telling
• them what to do
• Dominion of New England set up NE Colonists
  hated this!!!

25
Glorious Revolution

• Protestant opposition invited the Kings daughter
  and her husband, William (both protestant) to
  take the throne from her
• father
• Colonists used the events in England to rid
  themselves of hated officials and
• re-establish representative assemblies

26
The Great Awakening

• 1st truly mass movement in America 20/30 years
• Response to Enlightenment period, unchurched,
• decline in attendance at church, etc.
• Jonathan Edwards (NE)
• spider dangling in web of hell at any moment
• George Whitefield (Middle)
• Fiery, scary speeches
• Key test of election is an emotional conversion
• Reduced Christianity to its lowest common
  denominator (sinners who love god heaven)
• Samuel Davies (Southern)
• legal toleration of the dissenters

27
Results of Great Awakening

• Unified 4/5 of the American people under the
  Christian faith
• More religious tolerance of other religious sects
• Greater emphasis on education
• Greater sense of responsibility for slaves and
  native Americans
• Breakdown in theological consensus New Lights
  vs old Lights
• Politically speaking moving toward an American
  identity, contract theory of government (breaking
  away from church if too corrupt, not doing their
  job, and form a new one D of I