ENLIGHTENMENT

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ENLIGHTENMENT
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Enlightenment

• Names itself
• Human reason surpasses every evil
• Target religion and aristocracy

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Historical Background

• Institutions not keeping up
• Bourgeoisie
• Early aristocratic support

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Philosophes

• Progress
• Tolerance
• Systematic Knowledge
• Human Reason
• Deism

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Deists
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Salonnières
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Rational Humanists

• Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws
• Rousseau's Discourse on the Moral Effects of the
  Arts and Sciences
• Denis Diderot's Encyclopédie

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Encyclopédie

• Diderot dAlembert
• 1751 first volume
• Banned and finished in secret
• 72,000 entries 200 writers in 28 volumes.

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Encyclopédie
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Changes during the Enlightenment

• Scientific Achievements
• Arts and Literature
• Philosophy
• Social Reform

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Scientific Achievements
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Scientific Achievements
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Scientific Achievements
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Scientific Achievements
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Charles Louis Montesquieu (1686-1755)
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Samuel Johnson

• 1746-1775
• Englishman contributing to national literature

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Jean Jacques Rousseau (1717-1778)
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Edward Gibbons (1737-1794)
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Voltaire (1694-1778)

• Francois Marie-Arouet
• Summarizes events of the complex 18th Century

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
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Social Reforms

• Casare de Beccaria
• Slavery
• Education
• Condorcet