The Enlightenment

1
The Enlightenment the American Revolution

• Chapter 1
• 1715-1800
• Mrs. Bentley

2
Vocab

• P. 44 2
• P. 49 12
• P. 53 12
• P. 57 1
• Dont define people ever
• Quiz ______
• (also include secular, vernacular, primary,
  secondary, subjective, objective, A.D., B.C.,
  B.C.E. C.E.)

3
Note taking

• Write down only the words in red

4
About the universe

• God created the heavens the earth in 6 days
• There are 6 planets in our solar system Mercury,
  Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter Saturn
• There are only a certain number of stars about
  1000 they never change nor move
• Everything in the universe orbits around the Earth

5
More about the universe

• The stars exist in a crystalline sphere
• Planets orbit in perfect circles

6
Journal

• What the heck do you think just happened? What is
  your reaction to my actions? What is your
  reaction to those who were thrown out? Did they
  do anything wrong? Was I being unreasonable?

7
Where does this take place?Europe the United
States
8
Objective
To understand why and how the enlightenment
happened
9
Philosophy in the age of reason 1.1
10
During this time

• The Catholic Church was in charge of everything
• If you criticized the church, you would end up in
  jail, pay a fine or be executed
• Going against them was like going against God

11
Heres how

• God talks to the Pope ? everything that the Pope
  says is the word of God ? if you say the Pope is
  wrong, you are saying that God is wrong

12
Sick of this!

• People are tired of being told what to do, how to
  live and blatantly incorrect facts
• They want to KNOW for themselves
• Scientific revolution
• Scientific method
• Pigs body

13
What to do then?

• If life is so nasty, brutish short (Hobbes),
  then why not live life to the maximum and get
  pleasure from life?

14
Descartes Activity

• I think, therefore, I am.

• Translated I am able to think, therefore, I
  know I exist.

• Prove to me you exist collage. His quote MUST
  be on the collage somewhere. Must have at least 5
  pictures AND 5 words that represent you.

15
Enlightenment

• Discussion - what do you think enlightenment
  means?
• Look at the word break it down

16
Enlightenment

• a movement of the 18th century, characterized by
  belief in the power of human reason

17
So

• If laws apply to physical world Natural laws
  laws that govern human nature
• Try to solve problems to political, economic ()
  and social problems
• Purpose of govt

18
Objective

• To understand the major different views on
  government and society

19
Age of Reason

• Questionnaire in journals

20
Ideology project
21
Philosopher skits

• You will be assigned a philosopher and a group.
• You will read about your philosopher using pages
  40-44 out loud in your group
• You will write a 1 page skit (using ALL members)

22
Thomas Hobbes

• Wrote Leviathan
• People are greedy,
• cruel selfish
• Need to be strictly controlled or would rob/kill
  out of control

23
John Locke

• Lost, anyone?
• People have natural rights life, liberty
  property
• What does this sound like?
• Govt needs to protect these rights
• People need to accept the govt type
• If govt fails, people have the right to overthrow
  it (revolt)

24
Montesquieu

• Separation of powers
• USA has three branches what are they?
• Checks balances
• This protects liberty
• examples

25
Random

• French word for philosopher philosophe
• Translated (lovers of wisdom)

26
Voltaire

• Free speech
• Offended the Catholic church govt
• Imprisoned and exiled
• His books were burned
• I do not agree with what you say but will defend
  to the death your right to say it.

27
Rousseau

• People are born good
• but are corrupted by society
• So we need to give up some rights to protect all
  society but they consent (agree) to give it over
  (social contract)
• General will way/thoughts of the majority
  (instead of rights of the individual)

28
Wollstencraft

• free equal didnt apply to women
• Rights for women through equal education could
  give girls the tools they need to be equal
• (girls didnt really go to school during this
  time)

29
Not in book

• Kant the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate)
• Diderot came up with Encyclopedia in order to
  catalogue new thought
• Laissez faire govt keeps its hands off of
  business. Adam Smith come up with this

30
Activity

• Create a cartoon to illustrate the ideas of the
  philosopher you MOST agree with.
• 6 panels minimum

31
The Social Contract 2 versions

• Hobbes powerful govt controls ALL aspects of
  society
• Rousseau give up rights to gain protection
• Contract between you and society consequences
  for not following it

32

• What is our social contract?
• Create your own

33
Major forms of government (govt)
34
Vocab

• Monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, divine
  right, theocracy, tyranny

35
Monarchy

• Ruled by 1 person (king, queen)
• Divine right God says they are the rulers

36
Democracy

• Ruled by the people
• 2 types Direct, representative
• Whatever the people say goes
• rights CAN be taken away

37
Tyranny

• Ruled by 1 person who illegally takes over
  usually by killing the previous leader

38
Oligarchy

• Ruled by a few, powerful men

39
Theocracy

• Ruled by religious men (who talk to God) and/or
  God

40
U.S.A.

• Which form of govt does the USA have?

41
Republic

• Ruled by the people BUT certain rights can NOT be
  taken away

42
Qs 1.1

• P. 39 Q w/pic
• P. 41 Q w/pic
• P. 43 Q w/chart

43
Enlightenment Ideas Spread 1.2
44
Enlightenment spreads

• Monarchs (kings queens) took advantage of ppl
  for so long that ppl LOVE this idea
• Challenge old ways (divine right)

45
Censorship

• What is censorship?
• Where do we have it today?
• Do you like it? Hate it? Why?

46
Censorship

• It existed b/c Enlightenment was challenging the
  church (word of God)
• Burned books
• Disguised books as works of fiction
• Meet in salons to exchange ideas
• Only best brightest invited

47
Enlightened despots

• Kings queens join in
• Frederick the Great (Prussia)
• Catherine the Great (Russia)
• Joseph II (Hapsburg)

48
Peasants

• This only affected upper/middle class
• Most remained poor
• Not much changes serfdom/lack of property
  rights
• Peasants hear about this though and want change

49
Qs 1.2

• P. 45 - Q w/pic
• P. 46 Q w/pic
• P. 48 Q w/pic
• P. 49 Q w/pic

50
Activity

• Pretend you are the leader of a salon. What would
  you discuss today? Back then?
• 1 paragraph

51
Britain at Mid-Century 1.3
52
Objectives

• To understand why England was the main exception
  to the growth of absolutism in royal power in
  Europe
• To understand the separation of powers in Britain

53
Journal

• Do you think imperialism (empire building) makes
  others angry?
• Who do you think it makes angry?
• Would you be angry?

54
Britain

• Most successful at imperilism building empires
• Getting/stealing land/resources

55
Empire

• Why do you think Britain is able to have such a
  big empire?

• It is an island. Needs to get off the island.
  Build ships etc

56
Magna Carta B.O.R.

• Monarchs abuse power so these limit rulers power
• P. 623 1-3
• Bill of Rights
• P. 627 1-3
• Create your own Bill of Rights 10, on back
  explain why you chose 5

57
What comes out of this?

• King has less power
• Constitutional Govt
• Three parts of govt
• Parties (Tories (R) Whigs(D))
• Cabinet
• Prime Minister

58
Tories

• land owning, rich
• Like Republicans/conservatives in U.S.A.
• Wanted to preserve older traditions
• Liked monarchs

59
Whigs

• Like Democrats/liberals in U.S.A.
• Support religious tolerance
• Favored Parliament

60
Whigs/Tories poster

• 1-Whigs
• 2-Tories
• Campaign poster for one

61
Cabinet

• Like U.S.A.s Congress
• House of Commons- poor
• House of Lords- rich
• Lords can veto anything by Commons
• Known as Parliament

62
Prime Minister

• Head of Cabinet
• Kind of like President in U.S.A.

63
However

• Only ruling elite ( - land owning allowed to be
  involved at this point do it was like an oligarchy

64
George III

• Born in England, spoke English, LOVED England
• Wanted to get power back
• (dissolves cabinet, end Whigs, appoints BFFs as
  ministers)
• Abuses power
• King during American Revolution

65
Qs 1.3

• P. 50 Q w/chart
• P. 51 Qs 2-3 w/map
• P. 52 Q on parallels

66
Birth of the American Republic

• 1.4

67
Colonies

• George III is taking advantage of them
• Thomas Paine Common Sense appealed to rejecting
  the old ways
• Navigation Acts- taxes on trade and manufacturing
• Raised taxes
• Colonies declare war

68
Declaration of Independence

• Thomas Jefferson - copied John Locke
• We hold these truths to be self evident, that
  all men are created equal, that they are endowed
  by their Creator with certain unalienable rights
  life, liberty the pursuit of happiness
  deriving their just powers from the consent of
  the governed.

69
Locke Jefferson

• Ppl have the right to revolt
• What 3 rights does Locke say we have?
• Jefferson?

70
Documents

• Articles of Confederation too weak
• Constitution
• Has not changed much in over 200 yrs

71
Enlightenment ideas

• We the people social contract
• Elected leader not hereditary
• Representative govt
• Republic
• Separation of powers, checks balances
• Bill of Rights taken from English B.O.R.
• Which ones did we take? (627)

72
Compare Contrast

• English B.O.R.
• To
• USAs B.O.R.

73
U.S.A.

• Even though
• women and blacks could not vote
• Had slavery
• Most advanced in world
• Copied by many
• French begin own Revolution

74
Qs

• P. 55 - Q w/pic
• P. 56 - 2-3 w/map