Enlightenment

1
New World Order

• Enlightenment Monarchy
• Europe Eastern Western
• 1450 - 1750

2
People Concepts

• Partitions of Poland
• Pugachev Rebellion
• Time of Troubles
• Instruction of 1767
• Romanov Dynasty
• Westernization
• Rurik dynasty
• Chancery of Secret Police

• Catherine the Great
• Peter the Great I
• Ivan IV Terrible
• Alexis Romanov
• Radishev
• Peter III
• Ivan III
• Alexis de Tocqueville

3
Concepts Places

• Serfdom
• Obruk
• Cossacks
• Old Believers
• Boyars

• Third Rome
• St. Petersburg

4
Essential Questions

• Compare contrast the characteristics and
  policies of enlightened and absolute monarchs.
• Trace the emergence of the Russian state from
  Ivan III and Catherine the Great.
• Identify the rulers of Eastern Europe and their
  policies, enlightened or absolutism.

5
Enlightened Rule

• Enlightened Ruler
• Allowed
• Free speech
• Free press
• Religious toleration
• Private property

• Enlightened Absolutism
• Emerged 18th Century
• Are they all enlightened?

6
Prussia
Largest Per Capita Army in Europe

• Frederick Wilhelm I
• Prussia a feudal state
• Junkers Aristocracy
• Frederick II The Great
• 1712-1786
• Some limited freedoms
  speech press
• Complete religious tolerance
• Maintained Junker class

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Frederick II The Great 1712-1786
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Junker Class
As part of the nobility, many Junker families
have particles such as "von" before their family
names.
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Prussia
11
Prussia
12
Austria

• EMPIRE LARGE AND DIVERSE
• The Hapsburgs
• Maria Theresa
• Because of the large
  awkward empire
• Did not ascribe to
  enlightened ideals

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Emergence of Russia

• Ivan III
• The Great
• Russian independence from Mongols
• Expansionist
• Cossacks
• Free peasants
• Private army
• Third Rome
• Modeledgt Byzantium

• Ivan IV
• The Terrible
• Reign of Terror
• Died w/o heir
• Mikhail Romanov
• Chosen successor
• Dynasty lasted until
• 1917

15
Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov (In Russian
?????? ????????? ???????) (July 12, 1596
July 13, 1645)
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Kazakhs
Streltsi Cossacks
17
Russia
18
St. Petersburg
19
Russia

• PETER THE GREAT
• Instituted
• Forced rapid modernization
• Sent Russians abroad to study
• Travel in West to learn about governments,
  militaries, industries.

20
Peters Reforms

• MILITARY REFORM
• Better equipped
• Modern weapons
• Better trained
• Aristocratic officers
• Learn geometry
• Largest army in Europe

21
Peters Reforms

• BUREAUCRATIC REFORM
• Nobles served as government officials
• Table of Ranks
• Based on merit
• SOCIAL REFORM
• Abolished terem harem
• Ordered
• Women to wear Western clothing
• Men to shave beards

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St. Petersburg

• Peter the Greats
  capital on Baltic
• Window on West
• Transferred to new capital
• Government offices
• Noble families

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Russia

• Catherine the Great
• Displace husband to rule
• Continued Peters policy to westernize
• Appointed officials with Western education
• Deeply interested in philosophe
• But granted no freedoms that weakened her rule
• French Revolution put an end to reform

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Russian Expansion

• Partitioned Poland with Prussia Austria
• Clash b/c Poland was Roman Catholic
• Absorbed the Ukraine
• Peasants under Bodhan Khmelnitsky sought union
• Absorbed Siberia
• Smallpox reduced indigenous populations
• Pushed into Balkan regions Ottoman
• Halted by England France

Crimean War
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Russian Expansion
28
Compare ExpansionRussia / U.S.A
East West
29
Russian Expansion
West East
30
Russian Economics

• European trade
• Import armaments, textiles, paper, silver
• Asian trade
• Islamic Empires gt Czar restricted merchants
• Industrial development
• 200 new enterprises
• Population growth
• 18th C. gt 15M to 30M

31
Russia Religion

• Crisis in Church
• Patriarch Nikon standardize practices
• Tsarist control
• Church becomes a dept. of state govt.
• Under Peter the Great
• Intelligencia
• Flourished under Catherine
• French Revolution put an end to it all.

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Global Confrontation

• Part 2

33
Alliances

• Purpose of European system of alliances
• Guided by self-interest
• Established a BALANCE OF POWER
• No group more powerful than another
• War of Austrian Succession
• Prussia Austria
• Directly into Seven Years War

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War for Empire

• Seven Years War
• A.K.A. ?
• War for empire
• Britain France their allies
• Fought in Europe N. America on the High Seas

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Enduring Questions

• What tendencies can we trace as continuities for
  the Russians?
• Trace backward foreward.
• How do the Europeans utilize conflict to settle
  claims and differences?