Enlightenment

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Enlightenment

• SOL 6d

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Age of Enlightenment

• Period of logical thinking and reasoning
• Few rulers embraced the philosophies of the
  enlightenment-those that did were called
  enlightened despots

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Important Enlightenment Vocabulary

• Philosophe French philosopher
• Salon gathering room where the philosophes
  discussed

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• Baroque artistic style that emerged during the
  enlightenment

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PhilosophersThomas Hobbes

• Belief absolute monarchy can work if a contract
  is in place
• Leviathan the state must have central authority
  to manage behavior

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Thomas Hobbes

• Ruler protects people while the people surrender
  all rights to the ruler

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John Locke

• Two Treatises on Government Ppl are sovereign
  monarchs arent chosen by God
• Belief Social contract with natural rights
• Ruler protects natural rights
• People can change govt in cases of abuse

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John Locke

• Natural Rights God given rights that cant be
  taken away (life, liberty, right to own property)

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John Locke

• Social Contract Agreement between ruler and
  people
• U.S. Application Declaration of Independence
  and Constitution

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Thomas Paine

• Belief Popular Sovereignty-people rule
  themselves
• Common Sense

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Thomas Paine

• U.S. Application Constitution-(We the people,
  for the people, by the people) and Declaration of
  Independence-govt institution by men (people)

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Montesquieu

• The Spirit of Laws
• Belief separation of power to prevent abuse
• U.S. application 3 branches of govt
  (executive, legislative, judicial)checks and
  balances

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Voltaire

• Religious toleration
• Belief people should have individual rights and
  freedoms (ex. Speech)

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Voltaire

• U.S. Application Bill of Rights (1st 10
  amendments to the Constitution)

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• The Social Contract
• Belief Government should have a social contract

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Rousseau

• Ruler enforces the laws to keep order
• People have to surrender some rights for the good
  of the community
• U.S. Application We have a contract-some of our
  rights are limited

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Rousseau cont

• Belief Popular Sovereignty
• U.S. Application We rule ourselves-Representativ
  e Democracy

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Artists Composers

• Johann Sebastian Bach
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Artists

• Eugene Delacroix
• New forms of art

• Painter
• Paintings depicted classical subjects, public
  events, natural scenes, portraits

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Novelist

• Miguel de Cervantes
• New forms of literature

• Don Quixote
• The novel

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• The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and
  innovations in technology that stimulated trade
  and transportation.

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Technologies

• All weather roads improved year-round transport
  trade!
• New designs in farm tools increased productivity
  (agricultural revolution)
• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of
  transport

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American Revolution

• Who was King of England at the beginning of the
  Revolution?
• King George III

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American Revolution

• Why did the colonists want independence from
  Britain?
• TaxesStamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts (As a
  result of debt from French and Indian War)

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American Revolution cont

• What was the major complaint of the colonists?
• No taxation without representation

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American Revolution cond

• Identify 2 violent clashes between the colonists
  and British soldiers prior to the Revolution
• Boston Massacre1770 Boston Tea Party 1773

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American Revolution cont

• When and where did the Revolution begin? Why is
  this significant?
• April 1775-- Lexington, Massachusetts
• Shot heard round the world

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American Revolution cont

• Who led the Continental Army?
• George Washington

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Identify 4 major battles their significance

• Bunker Hill
• Trenton

• Moral Victory
• Low Point for Continental Army Broke
  traditional rules b/c they fought on Christmas

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• Saratoga
• Yorktown

• Turning point b/c France entered on Continental
  side
• Cornwallis surrenders the British Army!

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American Revolution cont

• What was the first attempt at a govt for the
  U.S.? Why did it fail?
• Articles of Confederationweak no national powers

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• Laissez Faire--non-interference by the govt
• Shays Rebellion (difficult to suppress, needed a
  stronger national govt)

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Summarize the type of govt created by the
Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty
• Federal Systembetween national and state

• People decided!
• Balanced power btwn the 2

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• Separation of Powers
• Social Contract

• 3 separate branches

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• Why were the Bill of Rights adopted?
• To protect American Liberties/Personal Freedoms