Presentaci

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NOMBRE DEL PONENTE
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Cohesion Ideology and its Focus of Supreme
Loyalty (The West)
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario
REPRESENTED BY The Church (Clergy/ Aristocracy) Parliament (Bourgeoisie) Communist Party (Nomenklatura) ?
FOCUS OF SUPREME LOYALTY God Nation Labor ?
COHESION IDEOLOGY Religion Nationalism Proletarian Internationalism ?
MARKETPLACE (MOTHERLAND) Manor Independent National State Proletarian State The Globe
MODE OF PRODUCTION Feudalism (National) Capitalism Communism International Capitalism (Globalisation)
Phase 1 ?
2 ? 2a ?
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Baskin Oran
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Religion (and Nationalism) and Human Rights
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario
Violator of Human Rights (of the Minority)
Identity Former (of the Majority)
Difference creator
Conflict generator
?
?
?
Baskin Oran
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History and Religion in SE Europe The overall
picture
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• The 1923 Exchangeables Greek Orthodox and
  Muslims (Turco Sporos Half Infidel)
• Bulgaria after 1984 changing the names of the
  Muslims (Turks, Pomaks, Roma)
• Yugoslavia in the 1990s Western Rome Eastern
  Rome The Orthodox, Catholic, Muslim divide
• Greece and Turkey Orthodox for Greeks and
  Muslim for Turks is a sine qua non - A perfect
  History and Religion formula .

Baskin Oran
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Greek State vs. Muslim-Turkish Minority
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• Official minorities Muslims, Jews, Catholics.
  Vlachs Macedonians (both Orthodox) are not
  considered minority
• Denial of ethnic identity and closure of
  associations (ongoing)
• Forbidden Zone in the Rodopi Mountains
• No-return passports for analphabetics
• Pomak children educated in Tessaloniki Special
  Pedagogy Academy as Turkish teachers (the
  Turkish-Pomak divide?) (ongoing)
• School books, newspapers, radio TV broadcasts
  from Turkey prohobited
• Attacks

Baskin Oran
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Greek State vs. Muslim-Turkish Minority (cont.)
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• Expulsion from Greek citizenship (Art. 19)
  (partly ongoing)
• Election threshhold for independent candidates
  also (ongoing)
• Licences not delivered professional building
  repair tractor driving hunting business
• University diplomas from Turkey not recognized
• Lands confiscated anadazmos, expropriations, non
  recognition of title-deeds, prohibition to buy
  but soft-loans for Orthodox buyers
• Muslim religious, community, and foundation
  leaders appointed by the Greek State (ongoing) .

Baskin Oran
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Turkish State vs. Non-Muslim Minorities
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• The Alevis pogroms (1978-93) denial of public
  funds religion lessons ban on associations
  (ongoing)
• Oppression discriminations to non-Muslims
  travel permits (1925-27) Citizen Speak Turkish
  campaigns (1930s, 1960s)
• 1927 Rights of the two islands under Lausanne
  Art. 14 violated (education and administration)
• 1934 Thrace incidents
• 1941 Labour Battalions
• 1942 Wealth Tax (10 times, no judicial recourse,
  work camps)
• Foreigners Book
• September 1955 Pogrom
• 1964 Expulsion of Greek passport holder Rums
• Law 625/1965 Art. 24/2 Turkish citizen of
  Turkish origin (ongoing)

Baskin Oran
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Turkish State vs. Non-Muslim Minorities (cont.)
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• Closure of Phanars Halki Seminar (1971 private
  uni., Law 625 Art. 3) (ongoing)
• 1985-87 non-Muslims students forced into Islam
  lessons
• 1988-91 Domestic Foreigners (Turkish citizens)
  cited as potential saboteurs
• Investigation on house buys in Phanar (1993)
  (Sevres Paranoia)
• Administrative Court Foreign subject Turkish
  citizen (1996)
• State Supervisory Council report Foreign Legal
  Persons (2006)
• 1971-2002 The 1936 Declaration (ongoing) .

Baskin Oran
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The 1936 Declaration
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• The property lists of 1936 in the 1970s the
  vakifname question
• Court of Cassation in 1971 Non-Turkish legal
  person
• 2002-03 3rd, 4th, 6th EU Harmonization Packages
  stop violation, return the immovables, register
  the un-registered.
• The 2006 Law
• Property seized and transferred to Treasury or
  GDF Restitution without court order?
• Property seized and sold to third parties no
  solution
• Property possessed by Foundations but not
  registered to their names very slow (27.6 per
  cent in 3 years)
• President of the Republics veto too much pol.
  and eco. power
• ECHR decision of January 2007 910.000 Euros
  2.200.000 waiting .

Baskin Oran
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The force of Religion in the Nationalist era
Why?
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• General
• The old superstructure continues to be effective
• The new superstructure adopts certain aspects of
  the old
• If the Religion of the minority/invaded is
  different, Religion backs up national
  identity/Nationalism
• Religion is the CI of lesser industrialized
  countries
• Area-specific
• Bourgeoisie and secularisation W.Europe-SE
  Europe
• Communism coalition against the common enemy
• We and They at an interval of 100 years
• National Church and the Ghaza
• Religious homogeneity required by the
  Nation-state (definition)
• The everlasting Millet System .

Baskin Oran
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The Millet System of 1454 in the 21st century
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• The Dominant Nation (Muslims) and the Dominated
  Nations (non-Muslims)
• Dominated Nations Second class but autonomous
• Could not survive the advent of Nationalism, thus
  formally abolished in 1839 All subjects are
  equal under law.
• But cloned itself in treaties
• Lausanne Arts. 38-43 and 45 (Turkey)
• Art. 45 (Greece)
• and minds

Baskin Oran
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Conclusions
Religious Differences and Human Rights
Historical and Current Experiences from South
East Europe
Los programas de desarrollo solidario

• SE Europe History and Religion instead of
  History and Language The very Millet System
  itself as the main source of national identities/
  human rights violations
• The reciprocal sine qua nons for national
  identities Orthodoxy and Islam
• Worse still Autonomy replaced by Traitor as a
  result of the steamroller effect of the
  Nation-state
• The might of the Dominant Nation mentality
  effecting the Dominated We are essential
  constituent element (vs. secondary despised)
• Prolongations of the Millet System Now the MS
  englobes not only SE Europe but the Western
  world, where the Muslims became the new Jews and
  where the Dominant Dominated nations switched
  places between non-Muslims Muslims

Baskin Oran