THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
CALVINISM TEARING DOWN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Revolution in religious thought practice

• Challenged established authority secured
  triumph of secular power

• Shaped identities changed map of Europe

• Contributed to centuries of violent conflict

• Contributed to ascendancy of individualism

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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Continuing crisis of the Church

• Growing popular dissatisfaction

• too much emphasis on ritual

• increasing secularization

• wealth, corruption, abuse

Caricature of Pope Alexander VI
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

• Continuing crisis of the Church
• Calls for reform
• John Wycliffe
• Jan Hus
• Erasmus

Jan Hus, burnt at stake
Jan Hus
Erasmus
John Wycliffe
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Continuing crisis of the Church

• Personal spiritual crises

• rejection of formal ritual doctrine

• emphasis on personal salvation

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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)

• Justification by Faith Alone

• good works evidence of grace, not cause

• JOHANNES TETZEL

• selling indulgences - 1517

• authorized by Pope

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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)

• Ninety-Five Theses (1517)

• condemned selling of indulgences

• only inner grace faith guaranteed salvation

• denied papal authority over faith

Luther nails Ninety-Five Theses to Wittenburg
Castle, Oct. 31, 1517
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)

• Revised Christian doctrine

• clergy no different than rest

• rejected belief in purgatory

• reduced 7 sacraments to 2 baptism communion

• called for end of monasteries

The balance The Church v. the Bible
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
LUTHERANISM

• Quickly spread through Germany

• Led to political, economic social upheaval

• rulers used it as pretense to attack neighbors

• peasants used it as pretense to revolt against
  overlords

• led to extreme religious movements zealotry

German Peasants Revolt, 1524