COLONIZATION

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COLONIZATION
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Treaty of Tordesillas-1494

• Potugal feels threatened by Columbus voyage
• Pope wants to avoid war between two Catholic
  nations
• Line of demarcation drawn
• West of line is Spanish, and east of line is
  Portuguese
• Spanish and Portuguese control most waterways to
  Asia

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Spanish Explorers

• Spain expands from West Indies in the 1490s to
  the areas of Central and South America
• Ponce de Leon discovers Florida while searching
  for fountain of youth
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa crosses the isthmus of
  Panama and sees the Pacific Ocean

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Conquistadors

• Mexico discovered in 1517
• Hernando Cortes defeats Aztecs
• Francisco Pizarro defeats Incas in Peru
• Hernando de Soto explores southeast U.S.
• St. Augustine becomes first permanent settlement
  in U.S.- 1565

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Circumnavigation

• Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese sailing for Spain,
  begins to search for passage to Asia
• Goes around Cape Horn and names Pacific Ocean
• Crew continues voyage and finishes 3 years later
• First to circle the globe

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Protestant Reformation
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Causes

• Religious- Roman Catholic Church begins to have
  corruption and abuses
• Sacraments have lost meaning
• Leaders neglectful of spiritual needs
• Cultural- Renaissance leads to learning
• Bible is translated into languages other than
  Latin
• People begin to question teachings

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• Political- emergence of strong monarchs who see
  Pope as foreign power
• Economic- people have moved away from manors to
  work in towns

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Beginning

• 95 theses- Martin Luther questions the teaching
  of the Roman Catholic Church (sale of
  indulgences)
• Wittenberg on Oct. 31, 1517
• Justification by faith
• John Calvin- predestination

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Results

• Protestant work ethic
• Emphasis on education
• Opposition to tyranny
• Europe becomes divided with southern remaining
  mostly Catholic and northern becoming mostly
  Protestant

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Northwest Passage

• Northern European countries begin to want to
  compete with Spain and Portugal
• They hope to find alternate route to Asia
• 1497- John Cabot claims North America for England
• 1524- Giovanni Verrazano sails for France
• Jacques Cartier finds St. Lawrence River and
  claims North America for France