Colonization: Who, What, When, Where, and Why

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Colonization Who, What, When, Where, and Why
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Reasons for Colonization

• Economic Reasons -
• High unemployment in England caused by landowners
  forcing small farmers off the land in order to
  raise wool-producing sheep
• Manufacturing interests in England wanted markets
  for their goods
• Manufacturers wanted a source for raw materials
• Political Reasons
• Search for a new passage to India in order to
  compete with Spain and Portugal
• Promise of gold to increase Englands wealth
• Acquisition of territory to add to empire
• Buffer against Spanish colonies in America
• Social Reasons
• Freedom from religious persecution and the
  ability to spread their religion
• Protection of culture
• Provide opportunities for unhappy or unemployed
  English people

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Answer the following Question

• Which of the following is a reason for the
  establishment of English Colonies in America?
• A. Source of raw materials
• B. Freedom from religious persecution
• C. High unemployment in England
• D. Acquisition of territory to add to empire
• E. All of the above

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1st attempt to colonize

• In 1587, 117 colonists arrived in North America.
  They settled on Roanoke Island. This was the
  second English attempt to colonize Roanoke. By
  1590, Roanoke Island was once more abandoned. All
  traces of the English settlers had vanished,
  except for the mysterious word CRO, carved into a
  tree trunk.
• What do you think happened to the colonist?
  Consider the following information
• It had a poor climate
• It was swampy, humid, and insect infested
• It offered little protection from the surrounding
  Indians
• The native population was resentful of the
  settlers demands for food and labor
• The settlers were basically ignored by the
  British government while they were fighting Spain
  in Europe

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Reflection

• Write a one paragraph (3-5 sentences) response to
  explain what you think happened at the lost
  colony of Roanoke.

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New England Colonies

• Connecticut
• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island

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New England Colonies

• Who founded the colonies and why
• Massachusetts Freedom of Religion
• Boston had a major port for trade
• Pilgrims
• 1620 Plymouth
• Mayflower Compact
• set forth ideas of self government in the
  colonies
• saw the Compact as a way to bind themselves to
  agreed upon laws.
• Was written on board the Mayflower before the
  pilgrims landed at Plymouth and established a
  permanent settlement.
• Became a basis for ideas in the US Constitution
  written in 1787.
• Puritans
• Emigrated to escape religious persecution
• Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony for a
  settlement involved in a more purified church.
• Also founded New Hampshire and Connecticut

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New England Colonies

• Who founded the colonies and why
• Rhode Island Freedom of Religion
• Roger Williams
• Anne Hutchison
• Believed that God spoke directly to her and not
  through the bible as everyone else believed
• Caused her and her followers to be banished
• Both were trying to find a more accepting place
  to live
• The government was separate from church
  leadership
• Connecticut
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Extended voting rights to non-church members
• Limited the power of the governor in charge
• Expanded the idea of representative government

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New England Colonies

• Geography and Climate
• Long, cold winters
• Rocky soil, not good for farming.
• Positioned on the North Atlantic Coast
• Many forests and rivers

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New England Colonies

• Based on their geography and climate as well as
  the location of the New England colonies what
  resources do you think they might have used to
  make a living? How did the New England colonists
  make money to survive?

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New England Colonies

• Economy (how they made their money)
• Used the ocean as a source of food and commerce
  (trade, economics)
• Fishing, Whaling, Timber, Shipping, and Trade.
• Traded furs
• Subsistence farming small farms where people
  grew just enough to feed themselves and their
  families they did not sell their goods.

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Middle Colonies

• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware

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Middle Colonies

• Who founded the colonies and why
• New York Founded to make money
• Had a major port for trade
• New Jersey Founded to make money
• Pennsylvania Founded for religious freedom
• William Penn
• THE QUAKERS
• Gave religious freedom to ALL Christians
• Contributed to future reform movements in the US
• Philadelphia had a major port for trade
• Delaware Founded for political freedom from the
  people living in Pennsylvania.

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Middle Colonies

• Geography and Climate
• Very flat, fertile land
• Mild winters

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Middle Colonies

• Based on their geography and climate as well as
  the location of the Middle Colonies what
  resources do you think they might have used to
  make a living? How did the middle colonists make
  money to survive?

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Middle Colonies

• Economy (how they made their money)
• Breadbasket Colonies
• Farmed wheat and other food products to feed the
  colonies.
• Produced wheat, grain, iron, and dairy

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Religious Groups in the New England and Middle
Colonies

• Pilgrims Separatists (wanted to break away from
  the Church of England) group that wanted to
  settle as a distinct body by themselves.
  Created the Mayflower Compact
• Puritans Wanted to purify the Church of
  England. They left to move to the new world in
  hopes of finding a better life during the 1630s
  and 1640s (this was called The Great Migration)
  The church controlled every aspect of life town
  meetings, elected representatives, made laws
• Quakers Believed that all people should live in
  peace and harmony. Wrote a constitution and
  established a legislature.

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Answer the following question

• What is the difference between Puritans,
  Pilgrims, and Quakers?

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Southern Colonies

• Virginia
• Maryland
• North and South Carolina
• Georgia

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Southern Colonies

• Who founded the colonies and why
• Maryland Founded for religious freedom
• Lord Baltimore
• The Catholics
• Maryland Toleration Acts
• A law granting religious freedom in hopes of
  attracting more settlers.
• Virginia Founded for economic reasons (to MAKE
  MONEY)
• John Smith
• Jamestown 1607
• Virginia House of Burgesses
• The first elected law-making body in the
  colonies.
• Provided local control over some issues so
  colonists didnt have to wait for Britain to
  decide the outcome of all things.
• Expanded the idea of representative government

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John Smith

• Most early settlers in Jamestown had NO idea how
  to create a settlement. They mostly looked for
  gold instead of trying to build a sustainable
  place to live and learning how to farm to feed
  themselves.
• Almost all the settlers died the first year and
  more had to come replace them.
• Smith saved the colony of Jamestown from certain
  death by instituting new rules such as everyone
  helping out and if you dont work, you dont
  eat
• Worked to develop trade relationships with the
  Powhatan Indians which gave the colonists food.

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Southern Colonies

• Who founded the colonies and why
• North and South Carolina Founded for economic
  reasons to make money
• Georgia Founded as a refuge for debtors and as a
  buffer between the Spanish and English colonies.
• James Oglethorp

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Southern Colonies

• Geography and Climate
• Fertile soil
• Very long growing seasons
• This area was very warm and sunny

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Southern Colonies

• Based on their geography and climate as well as
  the location of the Southern Colonies what
  resources do you think they might have used to
  make a living? How did the southern colonists
  make money to survive?

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Southern Colonies

• Economy (how they made their money)
• Plantation agriculture such as cotton, rice,
  tobacco, indigo, and sugar cane.
• Southern crops took many nutrients out of the
  soil that were hard to replace.
• Farms needed to be much larger to profitable
• This helped develop the plantation system caused
  people to be much more spread out across the
  Southern colonies than in the Middle and New
  England colonies.

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Southern Colonies and the growth of Slavery

• Why did slavery grow in the south?
• Labor intensive crops
• Cotton is REALLY hard to pick and clean and takes
  lots of people a long time to have enough to make
  money.
• Not as many indentured servants were coming over
  from Europe because land was starting to run
  short.
• Without these people to work the land, owners
  needed a stable workforce to continue to make
  money

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The Plantation System

• As the Southern Colonies grew and slavery
  increased many small land owners with just one or
  two slaves couldnt make enough money to survive.
• These small farmers usually sold their land and
  moved elsewhere, leaving large pieces of land for
  the farmers who had the money to buy lots of
  slaves.
• This helped create the plantation system where
  owners of plantations were very rich and had many
  slaves and were often in charge of the colonies
  in which they lived.

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The Colonists and Trade

• Colonies traded in 3 ways
• Within the colonies (to each other)
• By directly exchanging goods back and forth with
  Europe.
• Various triangular trade routes.

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Triangular Trade

• A trading route with 3 stops.
• The colonists would send rum and iron to Africa
  where it would be traded for slaves and gold.
• The slaves would then be transported to the West
  Indies where they were traded for molasses and
  sugar.
• Slaves were then sold at auction or transported
  to the colonies to be sold there. These slaves
  were mostly used on plantations in the South.
• The molasses and sugar was then taken back to New
  England where it would be turned into rum and the
  pattern would start over again.
• New England made HUGE profits from this trade and
  this also made the slave trade big business.

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Triangular Trade

• Now lets look at the route in action, then put it
  into practice in the room.
• 1st Interactive Map Triangular Trade Routes
• 2nd Now lets put it into practice!

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The Backcountry

• Area to the West of the colonies
• Settled by many different nationalities of
  people.
• The Appalachian Mountains restricted more people
  from moving further West.

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How the colonists affected our future economic
system

• Many colonists came looking for economic
  opportunity (money) which helped the future US
  grow into a system of free enterprise.
• Colonists human nature rugged, determined,
  individuals which also helped the future US
  develop as a free enterprise system because they
  didnt want the government telling them how to
  run their lives.

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Check for Understanding

• What are the similarities and differences in
  physical and human characteristics of the New
  England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?

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Mercantilism

• Britain's policy to control Colonial trade (all
  trade done by the colonies and any trade going
  through the colonies).
• The reason they did this was to make money!
• Britain used the natural resources found in the
  colonies to make manufactured goods. Britain then
  sold those goods back to the colonies and charged
  them a much higher price than the colonies made
  from selling the resources.

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Mercantilism in Action

• Draw the following chart on your paper so that
  you understand the flow of the mercantilist
  policy of Britain

Colonies
Mother Country (Britain)
Raw Materials
Manufactured Goods
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Representative Government

• A government where people are involved in the
  decision making law making for themselves and
  the people in their community.
• Democracy/Republicanism
• Britain helped the colonies work towards this
  type of government by staying out of their
  business for many years. This became known as
  salutatory neglect. This neglect helped the
  colonies learn how to deal with their own
  problems issues instead of waiting for Britain
  to fix things for them