The Age of Napoleon

1
The Age of Napoleon
2
Napoleon, The Early Years

• Machiavellis great leaders Lady Fortuna and
  virtú
• Born 1769, Corsica not great family
• Education
• Brienne Military Acad.
• Ecole Militaire officer 1785 (age 16!)

3
Napoleon During French Rev.

• Nappys Career NEEDED French Rev.
• His liabilities
• Foreign from South Thick Accent Artillery
  Short (52)
• Revolutions Impact?
• Values Liberté, egalité, fraternité Opportunity
  for those with merit
• August 4th, 1789 and émigrés Advancement
• War and Success
• 1794 Ends Siege of Toulon (fortuna?)
• 1795 Saves Directory in Paris (fortuna?)
• 1796-97 Italian Campaign and Treaty of Campo
  Formio
• Fr get Aust Neth, Cisalpine Republic, parts
  Venice Brits as only FR enemy!

4
1978-99 The Egyptian Campaign

• Invasion of GB wont work hit Egpyt instead!
• Scientists archaeologists Rosetta Stone
  artifacts
• Early success then Adm. Horatio Nelson _at_ Battle
  of the Nile
• Love letters No supply/escape
• 2nd Coalition formed GB, Austria, Russia and
  Ottoman Empire
• Nappy back to chaotic Paris (fortuna?) deserter?

5
1799 Brumaire Coup (Nov.)

• War Directory on rocks need a hero
• Coup set up consulate VERY centralized!
• Napoleon as 1st consul appoints
• Senate who votes on all leg., appoints
• Tribunate cant propose or vote, just debate
• Leg. Assembly cant propose leg., cant discuss,
  can vote
• Consul for Life (1802), then Emperor Napoleon
  I in 1804
• All approved by plebiscites
• AND Censorship/Propaganda

6
Napoleons Successes

• Political stability what Rev. lacked
• Banque de France (1800)
• Concordat of 1801
• Cath. religion of majority of Fr.
• Refractory AND Const. bishops resign Govt
  appoints new, Pope confirms
• Clergy still payed by state
• Previously taken Church lands remain
• Creation of Lycee system (secondary ed focus on
  MERIT)
• Legion of Honor (1802) like Table of Ranks before

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5. The Napoleonic Code (1804)

• EVERYWHERE Fr Army went
• Plusses
• Simplified
• No feudalism/pedigree
• MERIT Indiv.
• Equal opportunity before law
• Religious freedom
• Minuses
• Paternalistic Father knows best
• Divorce legalized burden proof on woman
• Slavery re-instituted Haiti and Toussaint
  LOuverture

8
Napoleons France

• Revolutionary ideals
• Plebiscites
• Equality (opportunity)
• Merit/Individualism
• NATIONALISM
• BUT
• Police state (limit trial by jury)
• Censorship (60/72 journals closed Nappy writes
  many own articles)
• No monarchy but hereditary empire?
• Marries Marie-Louise Habsburg 1810 needs kid

9
Napoleon War

• Glory like riding a tiger.
• 1801 back to 1797 control (IT, Neth, Rhine)
• 1805, invade GB? NOPE Nelson wins at Trafalgar
• Controlled Germany (Confederation of Rhine)
  sliced Prussia Austria
• Abolished HRE
• 1807, Treaty of Tilsit w/Russia

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Turning points Defeat

• Turning Points
• Continental System
• Spanish Ulcer (guerillas Brits)
• Nationalism
• Invasion of Russia (1812)
• 600,000 vs Scorched Earth Russian winter
• Battle of Leipzig (the Nations), 1813
• 1814, Napoleon exiled to Elba w/1000 men
• Bourbons back in France Louis XVIII
• 1815, Congress of Vienna to settle map
• More from Nappy to come?