Chapter 6 - The French Revolution and Napoleon

1
Chapter 6 - The French Revolution and Napoleon

• Section 4 The Age of Napoleon Begins

Napoleon Bonaparte I (1769-1821) Emperor of France
2

• Setting the Scene
• Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica, a
  French-ruled island in the Mediterranean. His
  family were minor nobles, but had little money.
  At age nine, he was sent to France to be trained
  for a military career. When the revolution broke
  out, he was an ambitious 20-year-old lieutenant,
  eager to make a name for himself.

3
I. Napoleons Rise to Power

• During the revolution, Napoleon rose quickly
  after winning major battles against the British
  and Austrians

4
I. Napoleons Rise to Power
In 1799, he helped overthrow the Directory and
set up a three-man government known as the
Consulate
A portrait of the three Consuls (between 1799 and
1804 ), with Napoleon in the center
5
I. Napoleons Rise to Power
By 1804, Napoleon had acquired enough power to
assume the title Emperor of France
Napoleon on His Imperial Throne by Jean Auguste
Dominique Ingres (1806)
6
II. France Under Napoleon
Napoleon consolidated his power by strengthening
the central government
"A Grateful France Proclaims Napoleon the First
Emperor of the French"
7
II. France Under Napoleon
Napoleon controlled prices, encouraged new
industry, and built roads and canals
8
II. France Under Napoleon
He made peace with the Catholic Church in the
Concordat of 1801, recognizing religious freedom
for Catholics
Vers le retour à la paix religieuse Towards the
return to religious peace
9
II. France Under Napoleon
Napoleon's most lasting reform was a new law
code, which became known as the Napoleonic Code
10
III. Building an Empire
From 1804 to 1814, Napoleon won many battles and
created an empire
11
III. Building an Empire
In 1805, Napoleon tried to invade England but his
fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar
12
III. Building an Empire
Napoleon waged economic warfare through the
Continental System, which closed European ports
to British goods
13
Section 5 - The End of an Era Napoleon watched
the battle for the Russian city of Smolensk from
a chair outside his tent. As fires lit up the
walled city, he exclaimed "It's like Vesuvius
erupting. Don't you think this is a beautiful
sight? "Horrible, Sire," replied an aide. "Bah!"
snorted Napoleon. "Remember, gentlemen, what a
Roman emperor said The corpse of an enemy always
smells sweet In 1812, Napoleon pursued his dream
of empire by invading Russia. The campaign began
a chain of events that eventually led to his
downfall. Napoleon's final defeat brought an end
to the era of the French Revolution.
14
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
Many Europeans saw Napoleons armies as foreign
oppressors
Napoleon and his Staff
15
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
They resented the Continental System and
Napoleon's effort to impose French culture
Napoleon in His Study by
Jacques-Louis David, 1812
16
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
Throughout Europe, nationalism unleashed revolts
against France
17
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
In 1812 the czar of Russia withdrew from the
Continental System and Napoleon responded by
invading
French in Moscow, 1812 (Artist unknown)
18
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
The Russians retreated, burning crops and
villages as they went - the "scorched earth"
policy
19
I. Challenges to Napoleon's Empire
Napoleon entered Moscow in September, but because
he couldnt supply his army through the winter,
began his withdraw in October
Napoleon's retreat from Moscow (Adolph Northern)
20
II. Downfall of Napoleon
In 1813, Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of
the Nations at Leipzig. He abdicated and was sent
into exile
21
II. Downfall of Napoleon
Louis XVIII returned as king of France, but many
remained loyal to Napoleon
Louis XVIII, King of France (181424)
22
II. Downfall of Napoleon
In March 1815, Louis XVIII fled as Napoleon
returned to Paris in triumph
23
II. Downfall of Napoleon
On June 18,1815, the French were defeated at the
Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon was again forced
into exile
24
III. The Congress of Vienna
European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to
restore stability and order
The Great Powers of Europe met at Vienna from
September 1, 1814, to June 9, 1815 to settle the
future boundaries of the continent