The French Revolution and the Age of Napoleon

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The French Revolution and the Age of Napoleon
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Late Stages of the French Revolution
Radicals- Jacobins in power with Robespierre
heading the Committee of Public Safety. His Reign
of Terror ends with his execution.
Moderates- In 1794 take control of the government
from Robespierre.
Royalists- want France to return to a monarchy.
Political Factions
1794- Moderates set up a 5 man government called
the Directory very corrupt.
In 1799 the Directory is overthrown with the help
of Napoleon. A 3 man governing board called the
Consulate is set up. Napoleon later becomes 1st
Consul.
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Napoleon- Savior of the Revolution

• Born in Corsica in 1769.
• Becomes a lieutenant in the French Army at age
  20.
• Quickly became a general during the turmoil of
  the revolution. Becomes the most feared general
  in all of Europe.
• 1st Consul 1799
• Consul for Life 1801
• Emperor 1804

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Militarily

• Conquers much of Europe
• Creates new social and government systems
  throughout Europe.
• Can never take over Britain.
• Invades Russia in 1812.
• In 1813, Napoleon defeated in the Battle of
  Nations at Leipzig by a combined military force
  of Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia.

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Militarily

• Napoleon abdicates throne and is exiled to the
  island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea.
• Napoleon escapes from exile and return to France.
• For 100 Days he leads his army again.
• Finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

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Politically

• REFORMS
• Modernizes finances, regulates economy,
  encourages new industry, built canals and roads,
• promoted public education, made peace with The
  Church.
• ALSO
• Supported across class lines
• Women lose rights- maintain minor status

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Legacy

• Removed the Old Order from much of Europe.
• Napoleonic Codes- embody Enlightenment principles
  of equality, religious tolerance, advancement on
  merit not family name.
• Soon after, all of Europe would change.

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Death

• Dies on the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic
  Ocean in 1821.