Winthrop:

1
Winthrop Modell of Christian Charity

• Four Points
• Law of Mercy
• Federal Covenant
• The City on the Hill
• Chosen People

2
The Double Law

• Justice -- Mercy
• Law of Nature -- Law of Grace
• Old Testament -- New Testament
• The State -- The Soul

3
Federal Covenant

• Individuals agree to covenant together
• Covenant an agreement to rule and, in turn be
  ruled
• Community therein established is an example of
  the two laws working together
• Individuals submit to the order of their
  society/community
• The community submits to the order of God

4
City on the Hill

• Beacon for all the world to see, to imitate, to
  envy, or to destroy
• Gods chosen people the new location of the
  Reformation of the Church
• New England to lead the rest of the world out of
  darkness and/or
• New England to save itself through its covenant,
  and leave the rest of the world to itself.

5
Chosen People

• Like Israel, settlers are in exclusive covenant
  with God
• Success will lead to eternal glory
• Failure to damnation and punishment
• God takes a special interest in the doings of his
  people, more so than the doings of others.

6
Sound Familiar?

• Fellow citizens, we will meet violence with
  patient justice assured of the rightness of our
  cause, and confident of the victories to come. In
  all that lies before us, may God grant us wisdom,
  and may He watch over the United States of
  America.
• -President George Bush
• September 12, 2001

7
Whitman

• THREE Ideas
• America as Unrealized/The Future
• Democracy best condition for Individualism
• Individualism the fulfillment of Nature, Natural,
  Eternal Truths

8
America Unrealized

• Always in the future
• No achievement in arts or society
• American only a failure insofar as its true
  goals remain unfulfilled.

9
Democracy and the Individual

• Individualism requires democracy
• Democracy as common humanity
• Democracy as radical individual
• Self-expression as Universal law
• Radical Individual vs. the Common