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ENVS 101

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ENVS 101 http://faculty.winthrop.edu/bollingerm Environmental science Environmental studies Interdisciplinary! Population changes over time Hunter gatherers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ENVS 101


1
ENVS 101
  • http//faculty.winthrop.edu/bollingerm

2
  • Environmental science
  • Environmental studies
  • Interdisciplinary!

3
Population changes over time
  • Hunter gatherers
  • Agricultural revolution (10,000 years ago)
  • Industrial revolution (mid-1700s)

4
Limited Resources
  • Garrett Hardin Tragedy of the Commons (1968)
  • Ecological footprints
  • Renewable vs. nonrenewable resources

5
Ecological footprint
6
Environmental ethics
  • Values
  • Anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism
  • Preservation vs. conservation
  • Environmental justice
  • Sustainability

7
  • Preservation
  • Conservation
  • Fundamental right of all organisms to exist
  • Protect environment in a pristine, unaltered
    state
  • John Muir
  • Put natural resources to use
  • Manage resources wisely
  • Greatest good for greatest number of people for
    longest time
  • Gifford Pinchot, Aldo Leopold

8
Economics
  • Subsistence vs. capitalism
  • Supply and demand
  • Cost-benefit analyses should Include ecosystem
    services and other externalities
  • Is economic growth sustainable?

9
Environmental policies
  • Problem solving
  • Examples from the United States
  • Federal vs. state level
  • International policies depend on customs and
    conventions

10
Policy development in US
  • Identify problem and its cause
  • Identify a solution and organize
  • Get access to policymakers
  • Laws established by Congress and President
  • Administrative agency establishes regulations and
    monitors compliance

11
US balance of power
  • Legislative branch
  • Executive branch
  • Judicial branch
  • Power of states?

12
United States examples
  • Westward expansion and exploitation
  • Preservation vs. conservation
  • Responses to pollution problems

13
Early Phase in US (1)
  • Driven by desire for westward expansion
  • From 1780s until late 1800s
  • Western lands are infinite and uninhabited?

14
Second phase in US Preservation and Conservation
  • Late 1800s until now
  • Correct some problems caused by westward
    expansion
  • Mitigation of exploitation

15
Preservation and conservation (2)
  • First national park (1872)
  • Forest reserve system (1891)
  • First national wildlife refuge (1903)
  • Soil conservation laws during Dust Bowl (1930s)
  • Wilderness Act of 1964 untrammeled by man

16
Third phase in US Response to
pollution problems
  • Silent Spring and burning of Cuyahoga River
  • National Environmental Policy Act (1970)
  • Creation of environmental agency
  • Requirement of Environmental Impact Statements
    for federal projects
  • Environmental Protection Agency established in
    1970 subsumed many agencies

17
Third phase or modern environmentalism
  • Fight pollution and its effects
  • Human health
  • Environmental justice movement
  • Many famous environmentalists
  • Intervention in regulatory hearings, books, mass
    media campaigns, law suits and litigation

18
Enforcing a policy
  • Command and control
  • Economic incentives
  • Tax breaks or subsidies
  • Green taxes (polluter pays)
  • Cap and trade (tradable pollution permits)
  • Local incentives (tax breaks for water efficient
    appliances, waste disposal penalties, for
    instance)

19
International environmental policies
  • System of conventions or treaties
  • Pay attention to customs
  • Powerful organizations
  • UN, World Bank, European Union, World Trade
    Organization, Non-governmental organizations
    (Nature Conservancy, Greenpeace, for example)

20
Global environmentalism
  • Famous photo of Earth from space
  • Activities primarily through United Nations
  • Links between poverty, oppression, exploitation
    of humans, exploitation of environment

21
Earth Rise
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